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      The diversity of terrestrial arthropods in Canada

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          Abstract

          Abstract

          Based on data presented in 29 papers published in the Biota of Canada Special Issue of ZooKeys and data provided herein about Zygentoma , more than 44,100 described species of terrestrial arthropods ( Arachnida , Myriapoda , Insecta , Entognatha ) are now known from Canada. This represents more than a 34% increase in the number of described species reported 40 years ago ( Danks 1979a). The most speciose groups are Diptera (9620 spp.), Hymenoptera (8757), and Coleoptera (8302). Less than 5% of the fauna has a natural Holarctic distribution and an additional 5.1% are non-native species. A conservatively estimated 27,000–42,600 additional species are expected to be eventually discovered in Canada, meaning that the total national species richness is ca. 71,100–86,700 and that currently 51–62% of the fauna is known. Of the most diverse groups, those that are least known, in terms of percent of the Canadian fauna that is documented, are Acari (31%), Thysanoptera (37%), Hymenoptera (46%), and Diptera (32–65%). All groups but Pauropoda have DNA barcodes based on Canadian material. More than 75,600 Barcode Index Numbers have been assigned to Canadian terrestrial arthropods, 63.5% of which are Diptera and Hymenoptera . Much work remains before the Canadian fauna is fully documented, and this will require decades to achieve. In particular, greater and more strategic investment in surveys and taxonomy (including DNA barcoding) is needed to adequately document the fauna.

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          The Value of Museum Collections for Research and Society

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            After the Ice Age

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              Species identification of aphids (Insecta: Hemiptera: Aphididae) through DNA barcodes.

              A 658-bp fragment of mitochondrial DNA from the 5' region of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1 (COI) gene has been adopted as the standard DNA barcode region for animal life. In this study, we test its effectiveness in the discrimination of over 300 species of aphids from more than 130 genera. Most (96%) species were well differentiated, and sequence variation within species was low, averaging just 0.2%. Despite the complex life cycles and parthenogenetic reproduction of aphids, DNA barcodes are an effective tool for identification. © 2008 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2008 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Zookeys
                Zookeys
                ZooKeys
                ZooKeys
                Pensoft Publishers
                1313-2989
                1313-2970
                2019
                24 January 2019
                : 819
                : 9-40
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, 5320 – 122 St. NW, Edmonton, Alberta, T6H 3S5, Canada Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service Edmonton Canada
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: David W. Langor ( david.langor@ 123456canada.ca )

                Academic editor: C. Sheffield

                Article
                10.3897/zookeys.819.31947
                6355749
                9674fa0e-3ed3-4a30-a6de-8bd1086fca25
                David W. Langor

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC0 Public Domain Dedication.

                History
                : 26 November 2018
                : 14 December 2018
                Categories
                Review Article
                Animalia
                Arthropoda
                Biodiversity & Conservation
                Cenozoic
                Americas

                Animal science & Zoology
                arachnida ,biodiversity assessment,biota of canada,checklists, entognatha , hexapoda , insecta , myriapoda ,surveys,taxonomy, zygentoma

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