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      Is Open Access

      The Modified Vaccination Technique

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          Abstract

          In addition to active and passive immunizations, there is a third method of immunization, the modified vaccination technique, which is based on injecting a combination of target antigens and antibodies against this antigen. The vaccine is essentially comprised of immune complexes with pre-determined immune-inducing components. When such an immune complex (target antigen × antibody against the target antigen) with a slight antigen excess is administered, it evokes a corrective immune response by the production of the same antibody with the same specificity against the target antigen that is present in the immune complex (pre-determined immune response).

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          Most cited references72

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          Autoimmune diseases.

          A. Davidson, B. Diamond (2001)
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            Molecular mimicry and autoimmunity.

            Matthew L. Albert, David Inman (1999)
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              Expansion of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells by intravenous immunoglobulin: a critical factor in controlling experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

              Sandrine Delignat, Karen Cohen, Amal Ephrem … (2008)
              The clinical use of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) based on its immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory potential remains an ongoing challenge. Fcgamma receptor-mediated effects of IVIg, although well elucidated in certain pathologies, cannot entirely account for its proven benefit in several autoimmune disorders mediated by autoreactive T cells. In this study, we show that prophylactic infusion of IVIg prevents the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an accepted animal model for multiple sclerosis (MS). The protection was associated with peripheral increase in CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cell (Treg) numbers and function. The protection was Treg-mediated because IVIg failed to protect against EAE in mice that were depleted of the Treg population. Rather than inducing de novo generation from conventional T cells, IVIg had a direct effect on proliferation of natural Treg. In conclusion, our results highlight a novel mechanism of action of IVIg and provide a rationale to test the use of IVIg as an immunomodulatory tool to enhance Treg in early onset MS and other autoimmune and inflammatory conditions.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Vaccines (Basel)
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Vaccines (Basel)
                Journal ID (publisher-id): vaccines
                Title: Vaccines
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 2076-393X
                Publication date (Electronic): 21 December 2018
                Publication date Collection: March 2019
                Volume: 7
                Issue: 1
                Electronic Location Identifier: 1
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; kovacsz@ 123456ucalgary.ca (Z.K.); rlafreni@ 123456ucalgary.ca (R.L.)
                [2 ]Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, UT 84112, USA; Cole.nsgy@ 123456gmail.com
                [3 ]Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; erno.kovacs@ 123456ucalgary.ca
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: barabas@ 123456ucalgary.ca ; Tel.: +1-403-220-8724
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4238-9750
                Article
                Publisher ID: vaccines-07-00001
                DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7010001
                PMC ID: 6466438
                PubMed ID: 30577575
                SO-VID: 96ba745f-a523-44ea-a337-0e84f7b2023e
                Copyright © © 2018 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 15 October 2018
                Date accepted : 19 December 2018
                Categories
                Subject: Opinion

                Keywords: heymann nephritis,antibody information transfer,immune complex
                Data availability:
                Keywords: heymann nephritis, antibody information transfer, immune complex

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