A molecular epidemiological study of human parainfluenza virus type 3 at a tertiary university hospital during 2013–2015 in Catalonia, Spain

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Abstract

Human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV-3) is one of the most common respiratory viruses particularly among young children and immunocompromised patients. The seasonality, prevalence and genetic diversity of HPIV-3 at a Spanish tertiary-hospital from 2013 to 2015 are reported. HPIV-3 infection was laboratory-confirmed in 102 patients (76%, under 5 years of age). Among <5 years-old patients, 9 (11.5%) were under any degree of immunosuppression, whereas this percentage was significantly higher (19; 79.2%) among patients older than 5 years. HPIV-3 was detected at varying levels, but mainly during spring and summer. All characterized HN/F sequences fell within C1b, C5 and in other two closely C3a-related groups. Furthermore, a new genetic lineage (C1c) was described. Genetic similarity and epidemiological data confirmed some nosocomial infections, highlighting the importance of the HPIV-3 surveillance, particularly in high-risk patients. This study provides valuable information on HPIV-3 diversity due to the scarce information in Europe.

Highlights

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Children and immunosuppressed adults showed a great susceptibility to infection.
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Valuable information about the current genetic diversity in Europe is provided.
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Different lineages, including a first described, were locally circulating.
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Genetic similarity and epidemiological data confirmed some nosocomial infections.
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The present study highlights the importance of the HPIV-3 surveillance.

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Most cited references 29

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Parainfluenza viruses.

Kelly J. Henrickson (2003)

Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIV) were first discovered in the late 1950s. Over the last decade, considerable knowledge about their molecular structure and function has been accumulated. This has led to significant changes in both the nomenclature and taxonomic relationships of these viruses. HPIV is genetically and antigenically divided into types 1 to 4. Further major subtypes of HPIV-4 (A and B) and subgroups/genotypes of HPIV-1 and HPIV-3 have been described. HPIV-1 to HPIV-3 are major causes of lower respiratory infections in infants, young children, the immunocompromised, the chronically ill, and the elderly. Each subtype can cause somewhat unique clinical diseases in different hosts. HPIV are enveloped and of medium size (150 to 250 nm), and their RNA genome is in the negative sense. These viruses belong to the Paramyxoviridae family, one of the largest and most rapidly growing groups of viruses causing significant human and veterinary disease. HPIV are closely related to recently discovered megamyxoviruses (Hendra and Nipah viruses) and metapneumovirus.

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Viruses in community‐acquired pneumonia in children aged less than 3 years old: High rate of viral coinfection

Gustavo Cilla, Eider Oñate, Eduardo Pérez-Yarza … (2008)

Abstract The occurrence of viral coinfections in childhood pneumonia has received little attention, probably because suitable detection methods have been lacking. Between November 2004 and October 2006, the presence of 14 respiratory viruses in children aged less than 3 years old with community‐acquired pneumonia were investigated using molecular or immunochromatographic techniques and/or viral culture. A total of 315 children (338 episodes) were included, and hospitalization was required in 178 episodes. At least one virus was detected in 66.9% of the episodes and simultaneous detection of two or more viruses was frequent (27% of the episodes with viral detection). The most frequently detected virus was respiratory syncytial virus (n = 67: 33 subgroup A, 33 subgroup B, 1 not typed), followed by human bocavirus (n = 48), rhinovirus (n = 46), human metapneumovirus (n = 39: 13 genotype A2, 8 B1, 5 B2, 1 A1, 12 not genotyped) and parainfluenza viruses (n = 38: 1 type 1, 3 type 2, 22 type 3, 11 type 4 and 1 not typed). The 14 viruses investigated were found in viral coinfections, which were more frequent in children aged less than 12 months. Except for adenovirus, the incidence of which was low, the percentage of viral coinfection ranged between 28.2% and 68.8%. Children with viral coinfection more frequently required hospital admission than those with single viral infection. It is concluded that viral coinfections are frequent in children aged less than 3 years old with community‐acquired pneumonia and can be a poor prognostic factor. J. Med. Virol. 80:1843–1849, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Detection and typing by molecular techniques of respiratory viruses in children hospitalized for acute respiratory infection in Rome, Italy

Alessandra Pierangeli, Massimo Gentile, Paola Di Marco … (2007)

Abstract Detection of a broad number of respiratory viruses is not undertaken currently for the diagnosis of acute respiratory infection due to the large and always increasing list of pathogens involved. A 1‐year study was undertaken on children hospitalized consecutively for acute respiratory infection in a Pediatric Department in Rome to characterize the viruses involved. Two hundred twenty‐seven children were enrolled in the study with a diagnosis of asthma, bronchiolitis, bronchopneumonia, or laringo‐tracheo bronchitis. A molecular approach was adopted using specific reverse transcription (RT)‐PCR assays detecting 13 respiratory viruses including metapneumovirus (hMPV) and the novel coronaviruses NL63 and HKU1; most amplified fragments were sequenced to confirm positive results and differentiate the strain. Viral pathogens were detected in 97 samples (42.7%), with 4.8% of dual infections identified; respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was detected in 17.2% of children, followed by rhinovirus (9.7%), parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV3) (7.5%), and influenza type A (4.4%). Interestingly, more than half the patients (9/17) that have rhinovirus as the sole respiratory pathogen had pneumonia. HMPV infected children below 3 years in two peaks in March and June causing bronchiolitis and pneumonia. One case of NL63 infection is described, documenting NL63 circulation in central Italy. In conclusion, the use of a comprehensive number of PCR‐based tests is recommended to define the burden of viral pathogens in patients with respiratory tract infection. J. Med. Virol. 79:463–468, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Andrés Antón

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis

Title: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease

Publisher: Elsevier Inc.

ISSN (Print): 0732-8893

ISSN (Electronic): 1879-0070

Publication date PMC-release: 27 July 2016

Publication date (Print): October 2016

Publication date (Electronic): 27 July 2016

Volume: 86

Issue: 2

Pages: 153-159

Affiliations

[a ]Respiratory Viruses Unit, Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain

[b ]Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain

Author notes

[* ]Corresponding author. Tel.: +34-665941722. aanton@ 123456vhebron.net

Article

Publisher ID: S0732-8893(16)30231-0

DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2016.07.023

PMC ID: 7127006

PubMed ID: 27524509

SO-VID: 96d05200-aaa6-4488-8cff-041b048bd284

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Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

History

Date received : 4 April 2016

Date revision received : 20 July 2016

Date accepted : 21 July 2016

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A molecular epidemiological study of human parainfluenza virus type 3 at a tertiary university hospital during 2013–2015 in Catalonia, Spain

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Most cited references 29

Parainfluenza viruses.

Viruses in community‐acquired pneumonia in children aged less than 3 years old: High rate of viral coinfection

Detection and typing by molecular techniques of respiratory viruses in children hospitalized for acute respiratory infection in Rome, Italy

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