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      Total-evidence phylogeny of the Rhinomirini, taxonomic review of its subgroupings (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae) and description of new Australian taxa

      1 , 2
      Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
      Oxford University Press (OUP)

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          Abstract

          Rhinomirini (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae) is a heterogeneous tribe of uncertain systematic position. We provide a phylogenetic analysis of this tribe based on morphological characters and molecular markers. Monophyly of the tribe was not supported by our findings. The Rhinocylapus complex and Rhinomiriella complex are transferred to Fulviini. Rhinomirini are restricted to the Rhinomiris complex. The record of Rhinomirini in Australia is considered dubious. The genera Punctifulvius and Yamatofulvus are transferred to the Rhinocylapus complex. The Rhinocylapus complex is recorded from Australia for the first time, with four new species: Mycetocylapus alexeyi sp. nov., Punctifulvius austellus sp. nov., Punctifulvius aquilonius sp. nov. and Rhinocylapoides valentinae sp. nov. The Philippine species Mycetocylapus major is synonymized with Mycetocylapus minor. The Australian species Rhinomiriella tuberculata is redescribed, and females of this species are described for the first time. Rhinomiriella aidani sp. nov. is described as new to science. The female genitalia of Proamblia elongata, Rhinocylapidius velocipidoides and Rhinomiris conspersus and the male genitalia of Rhinomiris conspersus and Rhinomiridius aethiopicus are illustrated and discussed. Sexual dimorphism in the Rhinocylapus complex and wing modifications in Cylapinae are discussed.

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          The Parsimony Ratchet, a New Method for Rapid Parsimony Analysis

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            Bayes or bootstrap? A simulation study comparing the performance of Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling and bootstrapping in assessing phylogenetic confidence.

            Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling has become increasingly popular in phylogenetics as a method for both estimating the maximum likelihood topology and for assessing nodal confidence. Despite the growing use of posterior probabilities, the relationship between the Bayesian measure of confidence and the most commonly used confidence measure in phylogenetics, the nonparametric bootstrap proportion, is poorly understood. We used computer simulation to investigate the behavior of three phylogenetic confidence methods: Bayesian posterior probabilities calculated via Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling (BMCMC-PP), maximum likelihood bootstrap proportion (ML-BP), and maximum parsimony bootstrap proportion (MP-BP). We simulated the evolution of DNA sequence on 17-taxon topologies under 18 evolutionary scenarios and examined the performance of these methods in assigning confidence to correct monophyletic and incorrect monophyletic groups, and we examined the effects of increasing character number on support value. BMCMC-PP and ML-BP were often strongly correlated with one another but could provide substantially different estimates of support on short internodes. In contrast, BMCMC-PP correlated poorly with MP-BP across most of the simulation conditions that we examined. For a given threshold value, more correct monophyletic groups were supported by BMCMC-PP than by either ML-BP or MP-BP. When threshold values were chosen that fixed the rate of accepting incorrect monophyletic relationship as true at 5%, all three methods recovered most of the correct relationships on the simulated topologies, although BMCMC-PP and ML-BP performed better than MP-BP. BMCMC-PP was usually a less biased predictor of phylogenetic accuracy than either bootstrapping method. BMCMC-PP provided high support values for correct topological bipartitions with fewer characters than was needed for nonparametric bootstrap.
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              Arthropod diversity in a tropical forest.

              Most eukaryotic organisms are arthropods. Yet, their diversity in rich terrestrial ecosystems is still unknown. Here we produce tangible estimates of the total species richness of arthropods in a tropical rainforest. Using a comprehensive range of structured protocols, we sampled the phylogenetic breadth of arthropod taxa from the soil to the forest canopy in the San Lorenzo forest, Panama. We collected 6144 arthropod species from 0.48 hectare and extrapolated total species richness to larger areas on the basis of competing models. The whole 6000-hectare forest reserve most likely sustains 25,000 arthropod species. Notably, just 1 hectare of rainforest yields >60% of the arthropod biodiversity held in the wider landscape. Models based on plant diversity fitted the accumulated species richness of both herbivore and nonherbivore taxa exceptionally well. This lends credence to global estimates of arthropod biodiversity developed from plant models.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
                Oxford University Press (OUP)
                0024-4082
                1096-3642
                December 2019
                November 14 2019
                September 03 2019
                December 2019
                November 14 2019
                September 03 2019
                : 187
                : 4
                : 1196-1252
                Affiliations
                [1 ]All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection (FSBSI VIZR), St Petersburg, Russia
                [2 ]Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
                Article
                10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz058
                96efd775-07db-49ca-ba0e-3796a9833c0e
                © 2019

                https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model

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