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      ¿Consejo o prescripción?: análisis de las recomendaciones pediátricas en las consultas del programa del niño sano Translated title: Advice or prescription?: analysis of the pediatric recommendations in the healthy child program visits

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          Abstract

          Introducción: razonar las recomendaciones aumenta la adhesión y satisfacción de las madres en las consultas del programa de salud infantil. Una recomendación puede ser considerada consejo o prescripción según sea razonada o no. Objetivos: en el presente estudio describimos y analizamos el uso del consejo y la prescripción en las recomendaciones transmitidas a las madres en el ámbito del programa de salud infantil. Analizamos la cantidad y calidad de las recomendaciones, su contenido y su relación con la duración de la consulta, y con las características del niño y de la madre. Material y métodos: grabamos 50 consultas de cinco pediatras y, a través del análisis de contenido, clasificamos las recomendaciones en seis categorías: prevención secundaria, prevención primaria, promoción de la salud, desarrollo, educación y relación familiar. Resultados: los pediatras realizan 4,37 recomendaciones por consulta, el 69% por iniciativa propia y el 31% a petición de las madres. Los pediatras hacen sobre todo recomendaciones acerca de la promoción de la salud (32,87%), la prevención secundaria (17,13%) y la primaria (10,19%). La cantidad de recomendaciones está positivamente asociada con la duración de la consulta (M=16,10 minutos) y negativamente asociada con la edad del niño. Los pediatras utilizaron mucho más el consejo (70%) que la prescripción (30%). No observamos efecto del nivel de escolaridad de la madre. Conclusión: en todas las variables observadas existe una gran heterogeneidad entre los pediatras, lo que sugiere que existen estilos pediátricos diferentes cuyas características y efectos merecen ser investigados en trabajos futuros para ayudar a los pediatras a mejorar su práctica profesional.

          Translated abstract

          Introduction: reasoning the recommendations increases mothers’ adherence and satisfaction in the healthy child program visits. A recommendation can be considered an advice or a prescription according to its reasoning. Aims: in this study we described and analyzed the use of advice and prescription in the recommendations made by pediatricians to mothers in the healthy child program visits. We analyzed the quantity and quality of recommendations, its content and its relation to the visits’ duration, and the characteristics of the child and mother. Methods: we audio-taped 50 visits of five pediatricians and we classified, through content analysis, the recommendations in six categories: secondary prevention, primary prevention, health promotion, development, education and family relationships. >Results: pediatricians made 4.37 recommendations per visit, 69% by their own initiative and 31% by mothers’ request. Pediatricians make recommendations mainly about health promotion (32.87%), secondary prevention (17.13%) and primary prevention (10.19%). The amount of recommendations was positively associated with the visit’s length (M=16.10 minutes) and negatively related with child’s age. The pediatricians used much more advice (70%) than prescription (30%). The effect of the mothers’ educational level wasn’t observed. Conclusions: there was a great heterogeneity between pediatricians in all observed variables; this suggests that there exist different pediatric styles whose characteristics and effects deserve further investigation in future studies in order to help pediatricians to improve their professional practice.

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          Primary Care: Is There Enough Time for Prevention?

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            The effect of training in communication skills on medical doctors' and nurses' self-efficacy. A randomized controlled trial.

            To investigate the effect of communication skills training on doctors' and nurses' self-efficacy, to explore how training courses influence the initial experience of self-efficacy and to identify determinants of health professionals' self-efficacy. The study was conducted as a randomized trial. Clinicians in the intervention group received a 5 day communication course and the control group received no intervention. The impact of the intervention was evaluated by means of questionnaires measuring the effect of communication courses on changes in doctors' and nurses' self-efficacy. Clinicians who participated in the communication course improved their self-efficacy for specific communication tasks with up to 37%. The improvements remained constant for the following 6 months. The training course did not influence the initial experience of self-efficacy. Communication skills training can improve clinicians' evaluation of his or her ability to perform a specific communication task - measured as self-efficacy. Communication courses can be used to improve doctors' and nurses' ability to perform some of the essential communicative demands they are facing in daily praxis.
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              Pediatricians' reported practices regarding developmental screening: do guidelines work? Do they help?

              In 2001, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) adopted a policy that all infants and young children should be screened for developmental delays at regular intervals. The policy statement promoted the use of valid reliable instruments. It is unknown, however, what proportion of pediatricians follow this recommendation and whether such a practice is associated with improved identification of children with developmental difficulties. To describe the use of developmental screening tests among board-certified pediatricians practicing general pediatrics and to determine the association between standardized screening and the self-reported identification of children with developmental difficulties. We mailed a survey to a random sample of AAP members. We used multivariate logistic/linearregression analyses to determine the association between standardized screening and the self-reported identification of children with developmental disabilities. Of the 1617 surveys mailed, 894 were returned, for a response rate of 55%. Of the respondents, 646 practiced general pediatrics and were included in the analysis. Seventy-one percent of those pediatricians indicated that they almost always used clinical assessment without an accompanying screening instrument to identify children with developmental delays. Only 23% indicated that they used a standardized screening instrument. The most commonly used instrument was the Denver II. Logistic regression modeling demonstrated odds ratios between 1.71 and 1.90 for a >10% rate of identification of developmental problems among patients of pediatricians reporting standardized screening. Each adjusted odds ratio bordered on statistical significance. Linear-regression models estimating the difference in mean proportions of children identified with developmental problems across screening groups failed to show a statistically or clinically significant difference in physician-reported identification rates. Our findings indicate that, despite the AAP policy and national efforts to improve developmental screening in the primary care setting, few pediatricians use effective means to screen their patients for developmental problems. It is uncertain whether standardized screening, as it is practiced currently, is associated with an increase in the self-reported identification of children with developmental disabilities.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                pap
                Pediatría Atención Primaria
                Rev Pediatr Aten Primaria
                Asociación Española de Pediatría de Atención Primaria (Madrid )
                1139-7632
                December 2013
                : 15
                : 60
                : e135-e143
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade do Algarve Portugal
                [2 ] Servicio de Salud Pública Portugal
                Article
                S1139-76322013000500003
                10.4321/s1139-76322013000500003
                97066d17-13c2-4097-87ae-248b78742a40

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Categories
                PEDIATRICS

                Pediatrics
                Pediatricians,Primary Health Care,Pediatras,Programa de salud infantil,Advice,Prescription,Recommendations,Program,Consejo,Prescripción,Recomendaciones,Atención Primaria,Healthy Child

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