Representaciones sociales de la obesidad, la alimentación y el ejercicio entre personas con obesidad en la Ciudad de México  <span class="so-article-trans-title" dir="auto"> Translated title: Social representations of obesity, food and exercise among people with obesity in Ciudad de Mexico </span>

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Abstract

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar las representaciones sociales sobre la obesidad y las prácticas de alimentación y ejercicio de un grupo de mujeres y hombres con dicho diagnóstico y tratamiento clínico residentes en la Ciudad de México. Metodología: Se partió de una metodología cualitativa. Se eligió la entrevista en profundidad como técnica para la obtención de datos. Resultados: En términos discursivos, todos los participantes identifican la importancia de realizar ejercicio y tener una buena alimentación, pero pocos lo ponen en práctica. Los hombres y las mujeres comparten una trayectoria de vida con obesidad desde edades muy tempranas, cuya atención futura estará posibilitada por sus diferencias en las etapas de la vida, sus prácticas de autocuidado y las condiciones de vida relacionadas con aspectos económico-políticos, sociales y culturales en sus contextos sociales. Limitaciones: No retomar resultados de entrevistas a personas con obesidad sin tratamiento clínico. Conclusiones: Para los participantes, la obesidad representa una limitante para el establecimiento de relaciones personales, sociales y laborales, sin embargo, ellos mismos reproducen en sus discursos este rechazo social de la obesidad, lo que se recrudece para las mujeres por los estereotipos de belleza y su relación con la salud. Los saberes que tienen sobre los alimentos que engordan y los que no engordan, reproducen el discurso médico y los mensajes de promoción a la salud, sin embargo, no se traduce en un cambio a nivel de las prácticas alimentarias cotidianas.

Translated abstract

Abstract Objective: To analyze the social representations about obesity and the feeding and exercise practices of a group of women and men with said diagnosis and clinical treatment residing in Mexico City. Methodology: It was based on a qualitative methodology. Choose the in-depth interview as a technique for obtaining data. Results: In discursive terms, each participant identifies the importance of exercising and having a good diet, but few put it into practice. Men and women have a path of life with obesity from very early ages; our future attention will be enabled by their differences in the stages of life, their self-care practices and living conditions related to economic-political, social and cultural in their social contexts. Limitations: Do not resume interview results for people with obesity without clinical treatment. Conclusions: For the participants, obesity represents a limitation for the establishment of personal, social and labor relations; however, they reproduce in their speeches this social rejection of obesity, which is recruited for women by beauty stereotypes and their relationship with health. The knowledge they have about foods that are fattening, and those that are not fattening; reproduce the medical discourse and messages of health promotion, however, do not translate into a change at the level of daily food practices

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Uneven dietary development: linking the policies and processes of globalization with the nutrition transition, obesity and diet-related chronic diseases

Corinna Hawkes (2006)

In a "nutrition transition", the consumption of foods high in fats and sweeteners is increasing throughout the developing world. The transition, implicated in the rapid rise of obesity and diet-related chronic diseases worldwide, is rooted in the processes of globalization. Globalization affects the nature of agri-food systems, thereby altering the quantity, type, cost and desirability of foods available for consumption. Understanding the links between globalization and the nutrition transition is therefore necessary to help policy makers develop policies, including food policies, for addressing the global burden of chronic disease. While the subject has been much discussed, tracing the specific pathways between globalization and dietary change remains a challenge. To help address this challenge, this paper explores how one of the central mechanisms of globalization, the integration of the global marketplace, is affecting the specific diet patterns. Focusing on middle-income countries, it highlights the importance of three major processes of market integration: (I) production and trade of agricultural goods; (II) foreign direct investment in food processing and retailing; and (III) global food advertising and promotion. The paper reveals how specific policies implemented to advance the globalization agenda account in part for some recent trends in the global diet. Agricultural production and trade policies have enabled more vegetable oil consumption; policies on foreign direct investment have facilitated higher consumption of highly-processed foods, as has global food marketing. These dietary outcomes also reflect the socioeconomic and cultural context in which these policies are operating. An important finding is that the dynamic, competitive forces unleashed as a result of global market integration facilitates not only convergence in consumption habits (as is commonly assumed in the "Coca-Colonization" hypothesis), but adaptation to products targeted at different niche markets. This convergence-divergence duality raises the policy concern that globalization will exacerbate uneven dietary development between rich and poor. As high-income groups in developing countries accrue the benefits of a more dynamic marketplace, lower-income groups may well experience convergence towards poor quality obseogenic diets, as observed in western countries. Global economic polices concerning agriculture, trade, investment and marketing affect what the world eats. They are therefore also global food and health policies. Health policy makers should pay greater attention to these policies in order to address some of the structural causes of obesity and diet-related chronic diseases worldwide, especially among the groups of low socioeconomic status.