Phytotherapeutic efficacy of the medicinal plant  Terminalia catappa  L.

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Abstract

Diabetes is a chronic, lifelong condition due to inadequate production of insulin or the cells does not properly respond it. Recently, the significance and effectiveness of herbal drugs associated with diabetes has emerged. The aim of the present study was to determine the anti-diabetic effects of Terminalia catappa L. leaves on streptozotocin (STZ)-treated rats. Two different concentrations of ethanolic leaf extract (300 and 500 mg/kg) of T. catappa were used to treat diabetic rats, and biochemical parameters were analyzed in blood samples. The results of herbal treatments were compared with the standard drug, glibenclamide. The ethanol extract (500 mg/kg) had significant anti-diabetic activity by altering blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, liver glycogen, glucose 6-phosphatase, fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase, glucokinase, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, urea, uric acid and creatinine levels while increasing insulin levels. Thus, the present study suggests that the supplementation of the diabetic patients with T. catappa leaves can lead to recovery from diabetic effects.

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Tobacco-smoking-related differential DNA methylation: 27K discovery and replication.

Lutz P. Breitling, Rongxi Yang, Bernhard Korn … (2011)

Tobacco smoking is responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide, in particular through cardiovascular, pulmonary, and malignant pathology. CpG methylation might plausibly play a role in a variety of smoking-related phenomena, as suggested by candidate gene promoter or global methylation studies. Arrays allowing hypothesis-free searches on a scale resembling genome-wide studies of SNPs have become available only very recently. Methylation extents in peripheral-blood DNA were assessed at 27,578 sites in more than 14,000 gene promoter regions in 177 current smokers, former smokers, and those who had never smoked, with the use of the Illumina HumanMethylation 27K BeadChip. This revealed a single locus, cg03636183, located in F2RL3, with genome-wide significance for lower methylation in smokers (p = 2.68 × 10(-31)). This was similarly significant in 316 independent replication samples analyzed by mass spectrometry and Sequenom EpiTyper (p = 6.33 × 10(-34)). Our results, which were based on a rigorous replication approach, show that the gene coding for a potential drug target of cardiovascular importance features altered methylation patterns in smokers. To date, this gene had not attracted attention in the literature on smoking. Copyright © 2011 The American Society of Human Genetics. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Glucokinase and molecular aspects of liver glycogen metabolism.

Loranne Agius (2008)

Conversion of glucose into glycogen is a major pathway that contributes to the removal of glucose from the portal vein by the liver in the postprandial state. It is regulated in part by the increase in blood-glucose concentration in the portal vein, which activates glucokinase, the first enzyme in the pathway, causing an increase in the concentration of glucose 6-P (glucose 6-phosphate), which modulates the phosphorylation state of downstream enzymes by acting synergistically with other allosteric effectors. Glucokinase is regulated by a hierarchy of transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms that are only partially understood. In the fasted state, glucokinase is in part sequestered in the nucleus in an inactive state, complexed to a specific regulatory protein, GKRP (glucokinase regulatory protein). This reserve pool is rapidly mobilized to the cytoplasm in the postprandial state in response to an elevated concentration of glucose. The translocation of glucokinase between the nucleus and cytoplasm is modulated by various metabolic and hormonal conditions. The elevated glucose 6-P concentration, consequent to glucokinase activation, has a synergistic effect with glucose in promoting dephosphorylation (inactivation) of glycogen phosphorylase and inducing dephosphorylation (activation) of glycogen synthase. The latter involves both a direct ligand-induced conformational change and depletion of the phosphorylated form of glycogen phosphorylase, which is a potent allosteric inhibitor of glycogen synthase phosphatase activity associated with the glycogen-targeting protein, GL [hepatic glycogen-targeting subunit of PP-1 (protein phosphatase-1) encoded by PPP1R3B]. Defects in both the activation of glucokinase and in the dephosphorylation of glycogen phosphorylase are potential contributing factors to the dysregulation of hepatic glucose metabolism in Type 2 diabetes.

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Immunoassay of Insulin: Two Antibody System: Plasma Insulin Levels of Normal, Subdiabetic and Diabetic Rats

A LAZAROW, C. Morgan (1963)

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Author and article information

Contributors

Arumugam Vijaya Anand

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Saudi J Biol Sci

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Saudi J Biol Sci

Title: Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences

Publisher: Elsevier

ISSN (Print): 1319-562X

ISSN (Electronic): 2213-7106

Publication date PMC-release: 17 December 2018

Publication date (Print): July 2019

Publication date (Electronic): 17 December 2018

Volume: 26

Issue: 5

Pages: 985-988

Affiliations

[a ]Department of Biochemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India

[b ]Centre for Pheromone Technology, Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University, Trichirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India

[c ]Department of Microbiology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

[d ]Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia

[e ]Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia

[f ]Mycology and Plant Disease Survey Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, ARC, Giza 12511, Egypt

[g ]Department of Biochemistry, M.I.E.T Arts and Science College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India

[h ]Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India

Author notes

[* ]Corresponding author. avahgmb@ 123456buc.edu.in

Article

Publisher ID: S1319-562X(18)30306-1

DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.12.010

PMC ID: 6600790

PubMed ID: 31303829

SO-VID: 970ad5c6-2270-4d55-a405-4d116cafbfe0

License:

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

History

Date received : 9 July 2018

Date revision received : 11 December 2018

Date accepted : 16 December 2018

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Phytotherapeutic efficacy of the medicinal plant Terminalia catappa L.

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Most cited references 27

Tobacco-smoking-related differential DNA methylation: 27K discovery and replication.

Glucokinase and molecular aspects of liver glycogen metabolism.

Immunoassay of Insulin: Two Antibody System: Plasma Insulin Levels of Normal, Subdiabetic and Diabetic Rats

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