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      Tooth loss and risk of cardiovascular disease and stroke: A dose-response meta analysis of prospective cohort studies

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          Abstract

          Conflicting results identifying the association between tooth loss and cardiovascular disease and stroke have been reported. Therefore, a dose-response meta-analysis was performed to clarify and quantitatively assess the correlation between tooth loss and cardiovascular disease and stroke risk. Up to March 2017, seventeen cohort studies were included in current meta-analysis, involving a total of 879084 participants with 43750 incident cases. Our results showed statistically significant increment association between tooth loss and cardiovascular disease and stroke risk. Subgroups analysis indicated that tooth loss was associated with a significant risk of cardiovascular disease and stroke in Asia and Caucasian. Furthermore, tooth loss was associated with a significant risk of cardiovascular disease and stroke in fatal cases and nonfatal cases. Additionally, a significant dose-response relationship was observed between tooth loss and cardiovascular disease and stroke risk. Increasing per 2 of tooth loss was associated with a 3% increment of coronary heart disease risk; increasing per 2 of tooth loss was associated with a 3% increment of stroke risk. Subgroup meta-analyses in study design, study quality, number of participants and number of cases showed consistent findings. No publication bias was observed in this meta-analysis. Considering these promising results, tooth loss might provide harmful health benefits.

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          Most cited references21

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          Associations of fats and carbohydrate intake with cardiovascular disease and mortality in 18 countries from five continents (PURE): a prospective cohort study

          The relationship between macronutrients and cardiovascular disease and mortality is controversial. Most available data are from European and North American populations where nutrition excess is more likely, so their applicability to other populations is unclear.
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            Tooth loss and oral health-related quality of life: a systematic review and meta-analysis

            Background It is increasingly recognized that the impact of disease on quality of life should be taken into account when assessing health status. It is likely that tooth loss, in most cases being a consequence of oral diseases, affects Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL). The aim of the present study is to systematically review the literature and to analyse the relationship between the number and location of missing teeth and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). It was hypothesized that tooth loss is associated with an impairment of OHRQoL. Secondly, it was hypothesized that location and distribution of remaining teeth play an important role in this. Methods Relevant databases were searched for papers in English, published from 1990 to July 2009 following a broad search strategy. Relevant papers were selected by two independent readers using predefined exclusion criteria, firstly on the basis of abstracts, secondly by assessing full-text papers. Selected studies were grouped on the basis of OHRQoL instruments used and assessed for feasibility for quantitative synthesis. Comparable outcomes were subjected to meta-analysis; remaining outcomes were subjected to a qualitative synthesis only. Results From a total of 924 references, 35 were eligible for synthesis (inter-reader agreement abstracts κ = 0.84 ± 0.03; full-texts: κ = 0.68 ± 0.06). Meta-analysis was feasible for 10 studies reporting on 13 different samples, resulting in 6 separate analyses. All studies showed that tooth loss is associated with unfavourable OHRQoL scores, independent of study location and OHRQoL instrument used. Qualitative synthesis showed that all 9 studies investigating a possible relationship between number of occluding pairs of teeth present and OHRQoL reported significant positive correlations. Five studies presented separate data regarding OHRQoL and location of tooth loss (anterior tooth loss vs. posterior tooth loss). Four of these reported highest impact for anterior tooth loss; one study indicated a similar impact for both locations of tooth loss. Conclusions This study provides fairly strong evidence that tooth loss is associated with impairment of OHRQoL and location and distribution of tooth loss affect the severity of the impairment. This association seems to be independent from the OHRQoL instrument used and context of the included samples.
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              Coronary heart disease mortality among young adults in the U.S. from 1980 through 2002: concealed leveling of mortality rates.

              The objective of our study was to examine age-specific mortality rates from coronary heart disease (CHD), particularly those among younger adults. Trends for obesity, diabetes, blood pressure, and metabolic syndrome among young adults raise concerns about the mortality rates from CHD in this group. We used mortality data from 1980 to 2002 to calculate age-specific mortality rates from CHD for U.S. adults age > or =35 years. Overall, the age-adjusted mortality rate decreased by 52% in men and 49% in women. Among women age 35 to 54 years, the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) in mortality was -5.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] -5.8 to -4.9) from 1980 until 1989, -1.2% (95% CI -1.6 to -0.8) from 1989 until 2000, and 1.5% (95% CI -3.4 to 6.6) from 2000 until 2002. Among men age 35 to 54 years, the EAPC in mortality was -6.2% (95% CI -6.4 to -5.9) from 1980 until 1989, -2.3% (95% CI -2.6 to -2.1) from 1989 until 2000, and -0.5% (95% CI -3.7 to 2.9) from 2000 until 2002. Among women and men age > or =55 years, the estimated annual percentage decrease in mortality from CHD accelerated in more recent years compared with earlier periods. The mortality rates for CHD among younger adults may serve as a sentinel event. Unfavorable trends in several risk factors for CHD provide a likely explanation for the observed mortality rates.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: Methodology
                Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysis
                Role: InvestigationRole: Software
                Role: SoftwareRole: Validation
                Role: Data curationRole: Validation
                Role: Data curationRole: Software
                Role: Formal analysisRole: Methodology
                Role: SoftwareRole: Validation
                Role: SoftwareRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS ONE
                plos
                plosone
                PLoS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                28 March 2018
                2018
                : 13
                : 3
                : e0194563
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Cardiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
                [2 ] Department of Stomatology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
                [3 ] Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
                Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, TAIWAN
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                ‡ These authors are co-first authors on this work.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8098-2256
                Article
                PONE-D-17-16258
                10.1371/journal.pone.0194563
                5874035
                29590166
                9712cac5-a5c6-4882-b9c8-8c3d8fe52c42
                © 2018 Cheng et al

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 27 April 2017
                : 6 March 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 5, Tables: 3, Pages: 14
                Funding
                The authors received no specific funding for this work.
                Categories
                Research Article
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Anatomy
                Digestive System
                Teeth
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Anatomy
                Digestive System
                Teeth
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Anatomy
                Head
                Jaw
                Teeth
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Anatomy
                Head
                Jaw
                Teeth
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Cardiovascular Medicine
                Cardiovascular Diseases
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Vascular Medicine
                Coronary Heart Disease
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Cardiology
                Coronary Heart Disease
                Research and Analysis Methods
                Mathematical and Statistical Techniques
                Statistical Methods
                Meta-Analysis
                Physical Sciences
                Mathematics
                Statistics (Mathematics)
                Statistical Methods
                Meta-Analysis
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Physiology
                Digestive Physiology
                Dentition
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Physiology
                Digestive Physiology
                Dentition
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Anatomy
                Cardiovascular Anatomy
                Heart
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Anatomy
                Cardiovascular Anatomy
                Heart
                Science Policy
                Research Integrity
                Publication Ethics
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Physiology
                Physiological Parameters
                Body Weight
                Body Mass Index
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Physiology
                Physiological Parameters
                Body Weight
                Body Mass Index
                Custom metadata
                All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.

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