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      Necesidades de cuidados paliativos en el Paciente Crónico Degenerativo Complejo Translated title: Palliative healthcare needs in the Complex Chronic Degenerative Patient

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN: Introducción Brindar los cuidados necesarios a los pacientes crónicos, con la consiguiente inclusión de los Cuidados Paliativos, es una demanda actual debido al aumento de la esperanza de vida y la complejidad de los problemas de salud crónico degenerativos. Objetivo La presente investigación tiene por objetivo describir las principales necesidades de atención paliativa en las personas con enfermedades crónicas degenerativas complejas en una unidad de tercer nivel de atención. Los referentes teóricos provienen del Modelo de Cuidado Crónico de Wagner (MCC). Metodología Investigación cuantitativa descriptiva, transversal. Se valoró a un total de 50 pacientes hospitalizados en una unidad de tercer nivel de atención con diagnóstico no oncológico para identificar las necesidades de cuidados paliativo a través del instrumento NECPAL CCOMS-ICO© 3.1 (2017). La confiabilidad alcanzada tras recolección fue de .73 KR20. Resultados: La mayoría de los participantes tienen deterioro cognitivo en Atención y en Lenguaje. El declive funcional relacionado con el ‘índice de Karnofsky nos señala que el 60% están incapacitados físicamente para llevar a cabo sus actividades diarias. La presencia de fragilidad se manifiesta por el 82% de los participantes presenta infecciones, delirium el 64%, el 58% manifiesta Ulceras por presión y 62% problemas de disfagia. Discusión y Conclusiones: El presente estudio contribuye a valorar las necesidades de cuidados paliativos, disminuye internaciones hospitalarias largas y de alto costo económico y social para las familias y permite implementar un plan de cuidados paliativos extendidos al domicilio y tener previsto un plan de información sobre la toma de decisiones en la familia.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT: Introduction: Providing necessary healthcare to complex chronic degenerative patients, including palliative care, is a current important demand in order to increase the life expectancy of these populations. Objective To describe the main needs regarding palliative care of persons living with complex chronic degenerative conditions in an institution of 3rd level of attention. The theoretical framework is Wagner's Chronic Care Model. Methodology This is a descriptive, transversal, quantitative research. A total of 50 hospitalized patients without oncologic diagnosis from an institution of 3rd level of attention were assessed in order to identify their palliative care needs. The NECPAL CCOMS-ICO© 3.1 (2017) instrument was used. The Kuder-Richardson Reliability Test turned out to be 0.73. Results Most participants showed some degree of cognitive deterioration regarding the areas of attention and language. Based on the Karnofsky index, 60% of the participants were physically disabled to carry out their daily activities. Fragility was evident in 82% of the participants, while 64%, 58%, and 62% showed delirium, pressure sores, and dysphagia respectively. Discussion and Conclusions The present study contributes to the knowledge regarding the special care needs of persons living with complex chronic degenerative conditions. An objective is to reduce the long and costly hospital stays by implementing a home-extended palliative care plan which actively integrates the family members in the care process and decision making.

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          Most cited references17

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          Organizing Care for Patients with Chronic Illness

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            The use of the Karnofsky Performance Scale in determining outcomes and risk in geriatric outpatients.

            The Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) was evaluated in a geriatric outpatient population with regard to three issues: its strength of association with widely used and validated geriatric instruments; its ability to predict patient outcomes; and its ability to serve as an identifier of high-risk patients. The 134-patient sample was given a comprehensive geriatric assessment which included the KPS, the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scale, the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scale, and other psychosocial and sensory tests. The KPS, ADL, and IADL were significantly correlated with each other, and the KPS showed the strongest associations with other functional measures. The KPS was also highly predictive of outcomes, performing better or equally well as the ADL and IADL. The KPS designation of high- and low-risk groups resulted in statistically significant score differences between groups in all but one assessment area, demonstrating better ability to discriminate than either the ADL or IADL. Thus, the KPS was shown to serve as an effective proxy score for a patient's health and functional status. It also was a significant predictor of hospitalizations, survival time, community residence, and institutionalization. Finally, the KPS was shown to adequately distinguish risk groups to aid in the targeting of services to ambulatory geriatric patients.
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              A method for defining and estimating the palliative care population.

              Palliative care research is challenged by a disagreement as to what palliative care is, when it should be offered and what conditions warrant specialized palliative care services. These challenges became evident when we used a population-based data linkage to evaluate the delivery of palliative care services in Western Australia. This paper describes the development of a conceptual framework to provide minimal, mid-range, and maximal estimates of a palliative care population. The estimates include nonmalignant conditions; realistically restrict the number and types of conditions; and propose a time frame over which specialized services can be offered. In defining a palliative care population for the purpose of research, development of an estimation method simultaneously addressed the rhetoric of palliative care with the restrictions inherent in both population-based research and service delivery. When applied to a population, the 10 conditions of the minimal estimate provide an acceptable guide to future research and practice.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                eg
                Enfermería Global
                Enferm. glob.
                Universidad de Murcia (Murcia, Murcia, Spain )
                1695-6141
                2023
                : 22
                : 69
                : 167-192
                Affiliations
                [2] Ciudad de México orgnameEscuela Nacional de Enfermería y Obstetricia orgdiv1Unidad de Investigación México gandhy_ponce@ 123456yahoo.com.mx
                [1] Ciudad de México orgnameInstituto Nacional Centro Médico Nacional Salvador Zubirán orgdiv1Departamento de Enfermería México
                [3] Ciudad de México orgnameUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México orgdiv1Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza Mexico
                Article
                S1695-61412023000100006 S1695-6141(23)02206900006
                10.6018/eglobal.513611
                9713ed62-41c5-4a5e-9260-9c9bd5b262c9

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 03 March 2022
                : 21 September 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 17, Pages: 26
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Originales

                nursing,care needs,complex chronic degenerative illnesses,palliative care,enfermería,necesidades de cuidado,enfermedades crónicas degenerativas complejas,cuidados paliativos

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