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      Benzalkonium chloride breaks down conjunctival immunological tolerance in a murine model.

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          Abstract

          The impact of topical eye drops with benzalkonium chloride (BAK) as a preservative could involve more than the reported toxic effects on the ocular surface epithelium and ultimately affect the immune balance of the conjunctiva. We found that BAK not only impairs tolerance induction in a murine model, but leads to mild systemic immunization. Contrasting with antigen only-treated mice, there was no induction of interleukin 10-producing antigen-specific CD4(+) cells in BAK-treated animals. Moreover, the tolerogenic capacity of migrating dendritic cells (DCs) was reduced, apparently involving differential conditioning by soluble epithelial factors. Accordingly, epithelial cells exposed in vitro to BAK were less suppressive and failed to induce tolerogenic DCs in culture. As this effect of BAK was dependent on epithelial nuclear factor κB pathway activation, our findings may provide new therapeutic targets. Thus, tolerance breakdown by BAK should be considered an important factor in the management of glaucoma and immune-mediated ocular surface disorders.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Mucosal Immunol
          Mucosal immunology
          1935-3456
          1933-0219
          Jan 2013
          : 6
          : 1
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Medicine, National Academy of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina. jeremiasg@gmx.net
          Article
          mi201244
          10.1038/mi.2012.44
          22692451
          972a1b16-b71d-4281-8c09-f011e78f49d4
          History

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