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      Aproximación a la Diabetes Mellitus Oculta en un Servicio de Urgencias Hospitalario Translated title: Estimation of Hidden Diabetes Mellitus in a Hospital Emergency Department

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          Abstract

          Objetivos. Determinar la prevalencia de diabetes oculta en los pacientes que presentan hiperglucemia en un servicio de urgencias. Diseño del estudio. Estudio descriptivo transversal (de prevalencia). Emplazamiento. El marco de atención sanitaria ha sido el servicio de urgencias hospitalario. Participantes. Pacientes mayores de 20 años que acudieron al Servicio de Urgencias del Hospital General de Ciudad Real durante 2007, y con valores de glucemia plasmática mayor o igual de 140 mg/dl. El número total de pacientes con glucemia mayor o igual a 140 fue de 4.559. Mediciones principales: Variables sociodemográficas y causas de hiperglucemia. Resultados. La edad media de los pacientes con glucemia mayor o igual a 140 mg/dl fue de 68,5 años ± 13,8 DE. El 50% fueron menores de 71 años. La moda en la muestra fue de 75 años. El 52,2% (2.381) eran hombres. Las causas de hiperglucemia fueron: diabetes mellitus ya conocida (75,1% de la muestra, 3.423 pacientes), diabetes mellitus oculta (5,3% de la muestra, 240 pacientes), hiperglucemia secundaria a otras causas (19,7% de la muestra, 896 pacientes). Por lo tanto, la prevalencia de diabetes oculta en nuestra población fue del 5,3% (IC 95%: 4,3 - 5,6%). De los diabéticos conocidos, el 10,3% eran del tipo 1 (351 pacientes) y el 89,7% del tipo 2 (3.072 pacientes). Entre las hiperglucemias secundarias, el 18% lo fueron por tratamiento con corticoides (165 personas), el 32% por tratamiento oncológico (238 pacientes), el 3% por algún problema biliar-pancreático (28 pacientes), el 32% por hiperglucemias aisladas en relación con el estrés del proceso actual (291 pacientes) y el 15% por intolerancia a la glucosa (131 pacientes). Conclusiones. La prevalencia de diabetes oculta es parecida a la encontrada en estudios similares. La diabetes oculta se confirma como un problema sanitario de peso epidemiológico (5,3% de nuestros pacientes) del que podrían derivarse importantes repercusiones sociosanitarias.

          Translated abstract

          Objectives. To determine the prevalence of hidden diabetes in patients presenting with hyperglycaemia at a hospital emergency department. Study design. Cross-sectional descriptive study (prevalence) studio. Setting. Hospital emergency department. Participants. Patients over 20 years who attended the Emergency Department of the Hospital General de Ciudad Real during 2007 with plasma glucose levels over 140 mg/dl. The total number of patients with glucose levels higher than 140 mg/dl was 4,559. Main measurements. Socio-demographic variables and cause of hyperglycaemia. Results. The mean age of patients with glucose levels greater than or equal to 140 mg/dl was 68.5 years ± 13.8 SD, 50% were less than 71 years. The mean in the sample was 75 years and 52.2% (2.381) were men. The causes of hyperglycaemia were: known diabetes mellitus (75.1% of the sample, 3,423 patients), hidden diabetes mellitus (5.3% of the sample, 240 patients), hyperglycaemia secondary to other causes (19.7% of sample, 896 patients). Therefore, the prevalence of hidden diabetes in our population was 5.3% (95% CI: 4.3 - 5.6%). Of those patients with known diabetes, 10.3% had type 1 (351 patients) and 89.7% had type 2 (3,072 patients). In 18% of cases, hyperglycaemia was secondary to corticoid treatment (238 patients), in 3% to a biliar-pancreatic problem (28 patients), in 32% to isolated hyperglycaemia related to the stress of their current illness (291 patients) and in 15% to glucose intolerance (131 patients). Conclusions. The prevalence of hidden diabetes is comparable to that found in similar studies. Hidden diabetes is confirmed as being a healthcare problem of epidemiological weight (5.3% of our patients) which could have serious socio-healthcare repercussions.

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          Most cited references41

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          Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus.

          (1999)
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            Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications: report of a WHO consultation. Part 1: diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus

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              Epidemiology of type 2 diabetes: risk factors.

              S. Haffner (1998)
              A number of cross-sectional and prospective studies that compared the insulin sensitivity of various national and ethnic populations within the U.S. to the total U.S. population were analyzed to find possible risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes. It was found that the risks for diabetes in African-Americans, Hispanics, and Native Americans are approximately 2, 2.5, and 5 times greater, respectively, than in Caucasians. Studies of the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites in San Antonio showed that there is an inverse relationship between socioeconomic status and the prevalence of diabetes. It also appears that cultural effects lead to an increased incidence of obesity in these populations, which may lead to insulin resistance. Genetic factors may also be a contributing factor. A 5-year, prospective study of insulin resistance in Pima Indians showed a relationship between impaired glucose tolerance and subsequent development of type 2 diabetes. In a 7-year study in Mexican Americans, those subjects who had both high insulin secretion and impaired insulin sensitivity had a 14-fold increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Regardless of cultural and ethnic factors, the San Antonio Heart Study, which compared Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites, showed that in both groups, the strongest predictors of developing type 2 diabetes are elevated fasting insulin concentrations and low insulin secretion.

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                albacete
                Revista Clínica de Medicina de Familia
                Rev Clin Med Fam
                Sociedad Castellano-Manchega de Medicina de Familia y Comunitaria (Albacete )
                1699-695X
                February 2009
                : 2
                : 6
                : 269-274
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Centro de Salud Pío XII de Ciudad Real
                [2 ] Centro de Salud El Carmen de Ciudad Real
                [3 ] Hospital General de Ciudad Real Spain
                [4 ] Hospital General de Ciudad Real Spain
                Article
                S1699-695X2009000100004
                10.4321/s1699-695x2009000100004
                972fc355-5ab3-4d0f-9ff3-5737296c4739

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Categories
                HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES
                MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL
                PRIMARY HEALTH CARE

                Internal medicine,Health & Social care
                Diabetes Mellitus,Glucose Intolerance,Intolerancia a la Glucosa

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