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      Impaired task switching performance in children with dyslexia but not in children with autism

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          Most cited references45

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          The Dimensional Change Card Sort (DCCS): a method of assessing executive function in children.

          The dimensional change card sort (DCCS) is an easily administered and widely used measure of executive function that is suitable for use with participants across a wide range of ages. In the standard version, children are required to sort a series of bivalent test cards, first according to one dimension (e.g., color), and then according to the other (e.g., shape). Most 3-year-olds perseverate during the post-switch phase, exhibiting a pattern of inflexibility similar to that seen in patients with prefrontal cortical damage. By 5 years of age, most children switch when instructed to do so. Performance on the DCCS provides an index of the development of executive function, and it is impaired in children with disorders such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism. We describe the protocol for the standard version (duration = 5 min) and the more challenging border version (duration = 5 min), which may be used with children as old as 7 years.
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            Neural mechanisms of transient and sustained cognitive control during task switching.

            A hybrid blocked and event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study decomposed brain activity during task switching into sustained and transient components. Contrasting task-switching blocks against single-task blocks revealed sustained activation in right anterior prefrontal cortex (PFC). Contrasting task-switch trials against task-repeat and single-task trials revealed activation in left lateral PFC and left superior parietal cortex. In both sets of regions, activation dynamics were strongly modulated by trial-by-trial fluctuations in response speed. In addition, right anterior PFC activity selectively covaried with the magnitude of mixing cost (i.e., task-repeat versus single-task trial performance), and left superior parietal activity selectively covaried with the magnitude of the switching cost (i.e., task-switch versus task-repeat trial performance). These results indicate a functional double dissociation in brain regions supporting different components of cognitive control during task switching and suggest that both sustained and transient control processes mediate the behavioral performance costs of task switching.
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              Executive dysfunction in autism☆

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology
                Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology
                Informa UK Limited
                1747-0218
                1747-0226
                January 2018
                January 2018
                : 63
                : 2
                : 401-416
                Article
                10.1080/17470210902990803
                9744dc44-c37e-4051-8074-d3968717706e
                © 2018

                http://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license

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