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      Actuación veterinaria en perros de trabajo en incidentes con opioides Translated title: Veterinary intervention in working dogs regarding opioid related incidents

      research-article
      Sanidad Militar
      Ministerio de Defensa
      opioides, intoxicación, perros, naloxona, equipos cinológicos, opioids, Intoxication, dogs, naloxone, K9 teams

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Los perros de trabajo, mayormente los perros detectores de drogas y estupefacientes pueden resultar intoxicados con opioides. Fundamentalmente fentanilos, en el desarrollo de su actividad. En función de la posibilidad de penetración por diferentes vías, los animales contaminados suponen un riesgo para los dueños, los guías y los veterinarios que los manejen y traten. Lo cual, unido a su toxicidad hace necesario aplicar el tratamiento antidotal con naloxona de forma inmediata a la aparición de los signos y síntomas hasta la reversión de los mismos (de 1 a 4 mg por 25 kg en función de la vía de administración). Razón por la cual, resulta prioritario no solo saber reconocer y tratar los síntomas de la intoxicación (triada por sobredosis de opioides), sino que resulta fundamental realizar una correcta evaluación de la situación, adoptar el adecuado nivel de protección física individual por parte del personal de intervención, así como la necesidad de integrar la capacidad de descontaminación en los procedimientos de intervención para gestionar este tipo de incidentes y así reducir el riesgo de transferencia de contaminación.

          Translated abstract

          SUMMARY Working dogs, primarily narcotics detection dogs may be intoxicated with opioids. Mainly with fentanyl within the scope of the drug detection activities. Depending on the nature of the various routes of penetration, contaminated animals may pose a risk to owners, trainers and veterinarians whom are in charge of their treatment and care. Given its toxicity, immediate antidotal treatment with naloxone is required after the initial onset of symptoms until remission of those symptoms (1 to 4 mg per 25 kg depending on the route of drug administration). Following the above, it is not only a priority to know how to recognize and treat the various symptoms of intoxication but to correctly evaluate the situation and assure proper adoption of adequate physical protection by the first responders as well as to integrate proper decontamination guidelines in the intervention procedures to better facilitate this type of incident management and reduce the risk of contamination.

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          Most cited references41

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          The identification of risk factors contributing to accidental opioid poisonings in companion dogs using data from a North American poison control center (2006-2014)

          In the last decade, there has been a marked increase in opioid-related human deaths in the U.S. However, the effects of the growth in opioid use on vulnerable populations, such as pet dogs, are largely unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate potential risk factors at the dog, county, and state-levels that contributed to accidental dog opioid poisonings. Dog demographic information was collected during calls to the Animal Poison Control Center (APCC), operated by the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, about pet dog exposures to poisons from 2006–2014. Data concerning state-level opioid-related human death rates and county-level human opioid prescription rates were collected from databases accessed from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. A multilevel logistic regression model with random intercepts for county and state was fitted to explore associations between the odds of a call to the APCC being related to dog opioid poisonings with the following independent variables: sex, weight, age, reproductive status, breed class, year, source of calls, county-level human opioid prescription rate, and state-level opioid human death rate. There was a significant non-linear positive association between accidental opioid dog poisoning calls and county-level human opioid prescription rates. Similarly, the odds of a call being related to an opioid poisoning significantly declined over the study period. Depending on the breed class, the odds of a call being related to an opioid poisoning event were generally lower for older and heavier dogs. The odds of a call being related to an opioid poisoning were significantly higher for intact compared to neutered dogs, and if the call was made by a veterinarian compared to a member of the public. Veterinarians responding to poisonings may benefit from knowledge of trends in the use and abuse of both legal and illegal drugs in human populations.
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            Accidental prehension and suspected transmucosal or oral absorption of fentanyl from a transdermal patch in a dog

            A 100-microg hour(-1) transdermal fentanyl patch was applied to a 29-kg, 6-year-old, intact male mixed breed dog to help manage postoperative pain after total ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy. Two days later, the dog was found extremely sedated, and the reservoir of the transdermal patch was open. It was suspected that the dog ingested the contents of the reservoir of the transdermal patch and absorbed the fentanyl across its oral mucosa or through the gastrointestinal tract resulting in an overdose. The patch was removed, blood was drawn to determine serum fentanyl levels, and the dog recovered without incident. This clinical case documents the potential for neurologic sequelae, and bradycardia when fentanyl patches are used in animals to relieve postoperative pain.
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              Opioid Overdose Crisis

              (2019)
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                sm
                Sanidad Militar
                Sanid. Mil.
                Ministerio de Defensa (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1887-8571
                March 2021
                : 77
                : 1
                : 40-44
                Affiliations
                [1] Madrid orgnameEstado Mayor de la Defensa orgdiv1Jefatura Conjunta de Sanidad
                Article
                S1887-85712021000100040 S1887-8571(21)07700100040
                10.4321/s1887-85712021000100007
                974a3c7f-ed98-403d-8d4d-ee58ac3efd7a

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                : 22 July 2020
                : 22 December 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 41, Pages: 5
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Informe

                naloxona,K9 teams,naloxone,dogs,Intoxication,opioids,equipos cinológicos,perros,intoxicación,opioides

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