Mild Cognitive Impairment in General Practice: Age-Specific Prevalence and Correlate Results from the German Study on Ageing, Cognition and Dementia in Primary Care Patients (AgeCoDe)

There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

Abstract

Background: Although mild cognitive impairment (MCI) represents a high-risk factor for developing dementia, little is known about the prevalence of MCI among patients of general practitioners (GPs). Aims: Estimation of age-specific prevalence for original and modified concepts of MCI and their association with sociodemographic, medical and genetic (apoE Ε4 genotype) factors among patients of GPs. Methods: A GP practice sample of 3,327 individuals aged 75+ was assessed by structured clinical interviews. Results: Prevalence was 15.4% (95% CI = 14.1–16.6) for original and 25.2% (95% CI = 23.7–26.7) for modified MCI. Rates increased significantly with older age. Positive associations were found for apoE Ε4 allele, vascular diseases and depressive symptoms. Conclusion: MCI is frequent in elderly patients of GPs. GPs have a key position in secondary prevention and care of incipient cognitive deterioration up to the diagnosis of dementia.

Related collections

Most cited references 18

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Prevalence of mild cognitive impairment: a population-based study in elderly subjects.

T Hänninen, M Hallikainen, S Tuomainen … (2002)

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has been suggested as a term for a boundary area between normal aging and dementia, especially Alzheimer's disease (AD). In follow-up studies, more than 50% of MCI subjects have been converted to dementia in 3-4 years. However, the epidemiology of MCI is not well known. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of MCI in an elderly population. A total of 806 subjects (60-76 years of age) from a population-based random sample of 1150 subjects living in the city of Kuopio in eastern Finland were evaluated. Neuropsychological tests and a structured interview including the modified Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) were used to apply the diagnostic criteria of MCI as proposed by Mayo Clinic Alzheimer's Disease Research Centre. Thus, subjects having a test score more than 1.5 SDs below the age appropriate mean in memory tests and a CDR score of 0.5 but no dementia, were diagnosed as having MCI. A total of 43 subjects, 5.3%, met the MCI criteria. MCI was more prevalent in older and less-educated subjects, but no difference was found between men and women. The CDR appeared to be the most important part of the criteria. The memory tests had less impact on prevalence variables. The low prevalence of MCI indicate that in a population-based study design its criteria may identify a more homogeneous group of subjects at the lower end of the cognitive continuum as contrasted with various other criteria of cognitive impairment in the elderly population. This is compatible with follow-up studies showing a high probability of dementia in the MCI group. Thus, probable candidates for trials of preventive intervention for dementia can be screened from the elderly population using these diagnostic criteria.

0 comments Cited 84 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Risk factors for mild cognitive impairment in the Cardiovascular Health Study Cognition Study: part 2.

Steven T. DeKosky, A L Fitzpatrick, Beverly Faulkner-Jones … (2003)

To examine the risk factors for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in a longitudinal population study-the Cardiovascular Health Study Cognition Study. We examined the factors that in the period 1991 through 1994 predicted the development of MCI in all participants of the Cardiovascular Health Study Cognition Study. Further examination was conducted in the Pittsburgh, Pa, cohort (n = 927), where participants with MCI were classified as having either the MCI amnestic-type or the MCI multiple cognitive deficits-type. Multicenter population study. This study includes all participants of the Cardiovascular Health Study Cognition Study (n = 3608) who had a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of the brain between 1991 and 1994, and detailed neuropsychological, neurological, and medical evaluations to identify the presence of MCI or dementia in the period 1998 to 1999. The mean time between the closest clinical examination to the MRI and the diagnostic evaluation for cognitive disorders was 5.8 years for the Cardiovascular Health Study Cognition Study cohort and 6.0 years for the Pittsburgh cohort. Risk factors for MCI at the time of the MRI were identified using logistic regression, controlling for age, race, educational level, baseline Modified Mini-Mental State Examination and Digit Symbol Test scores, measurements of depression, MRI findings (atrophy, ventricular volume, white matter lesions, and infarcts), the presence of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) epsilon4 allele, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and heart disease. Mild cognitive impairment (n = 577) was associated with race (African American), low educational level, low Modified Mini-Mental State Examination and Digit Symbol Test scores, cortical atrophy, MRI-identified infarcts, and measurements of depression. The MCI amnestic-type was associated with MRI-identified infarcts, the presence of the APOE epsilon4 allele, and low Modified Mini-Mental State Examination scores. The MCI multiple cognitive deficits-type was associated with low Modified Mini-Mental State Examination and Digit Symbol Test scores. The development of MCI is associated with measurements of cognition and depression, racial and constitutional factors, and cerebrovascular disease. Early cognitive deficits seem to be a common denominator for the 2 forms of MCI; the presence of cerebrovascular disease and the APOE epsilon4 allele is associated with the amnestic type of MCI.

0 comments Cited 81 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: found

Incidence and Risk Factors for Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Population-Based Three-Year Follow-Up Study of Cognitively Healthy Elderly Subjects

Susanna Tervo, Miia Kivipelto, Tuomo Hänninen … (2004)

Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has attracted considerable interest as a potential predictor of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Both the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) Ε4 allele and vascular factors have been associated with a higher risk for AD, recently they have also been linked to the risk of MCI. Objectives: To estimate the incidence of MCI among cognitively healthy elderly subjects during a 3-year follow-up, and to evaluate the impact of demographic and vascular factors as well as the ApoE Ε4 allele on the conversion to MCI. Methods: At baseline, the cognitive abilities of 806 out of 1,150 eligible subjects (aged 60–76 years) from a population-based sample were examined. Cognitively intact subjects (n = 747) were followed for an average of 3 years. Results: 66 subjects (8.8%) had converted to MCI. The global incidence rate of MCI was 25.94/1,000 person-years. Persons with higher age (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.01–1.16), ApoE Ε4 allele carriers (OR 2.04, 95% CI 1.15–3.64) and persons with medicated hypertension (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.05–3.29) were more likely to convert to MCI than those individuals of lower age and without an ApoE Ε4 allele or medicated hypertension. Persons with high education (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.70–0.89) were less likely to convert to MCI than persons with low or no education. In subjects with both the ApoE Ε4 allele and medicated hypertension, the crude OR for conversion was 3.92 (95% CI 1.81–8.49). In subjects with cardiovascular disease, the crude OR for conversion was 2.13 (95% CI 1.26–3.60). Gender, elevated blood pressure, diabetes or cerebrovascular disease had no significant effect on the conversion to MCI. Conclusion: Higher age, the presence of at least one ApoE Ε4 allele and medicated hypertension are independent risk factors, but high education is a protective factor for MCI. The results suggest that vascular factors may have an important role in the pathogenesis of MCI.

0 comments Cited 72 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

All references

Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (publisher-id): DEM

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

Journal ID (doi): 10.1159/issn.1420-8008

Title: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders

Publisher: S. Karger AG

ISSN (Print): 1420-8008

ISSN (Electronic): 1421-9824

Publication date Subscription-year: 2007

Publication date (Print): September 2007

Publication date (Electronic): 11 September 2007

Volume: 24

Issue: 4

Pages: 307-316

Affiliations

^aDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, ^bInstitute for General Medicine, University Medical Centre, Hamburg, ^cDepartment of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, ^dDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, ^eDepartment of General Practice, University Medical Centre, Düsseldorf, ^fInstitute for Biometrics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, and ^gCentral Institute for Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany

Article

Publisher ID: 108099 Other ID: Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2007;24:307–316

DOI: 10.1159/000108099

PubMed ID: 17848793

SO-VID: 97729870-c69b-4fdc-88cf-1777d7f5728f

License:

Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

History

Date accepted : 11 July 2007

Page count

Figures: 1, Tables: 5, References: 38, Pages: 10

Comments

Comment on this article

scite_

Cited by 60

See all cited by

Most referenced authors 749

See all reference authors

- Version 1

Call for Papers: Sex and Gender in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Submit here before September 30, 2024

Mild Cognitive Impairment in General Practice: Age-Specific Prevalence and Correlate Results from the German Study on Ageing, Cognition and Dementia in Primary Care Patients (AgeCoDe)

Read this article at

Abstract

Related collections

Karger: Neurology and Neuroscience

Most cited references 18

Prevalence of mild cognitive impairment: a population-based study in elderly subjects.

Risk factors for mild cognitive impairment in the Cardiovascular Health Study Cognition Study: part 2.

Incidence and Risk Factors for Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Population-Based Three-Year Follow-Up Study of Cognitively Healthy Elderly Subjects

Author and article information

Journal

Affiliations

Article

History

Page count

Categories

Comments

Comment on this article

Similar content 440

Cited by 60

Most referenced authors 749