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      Polychaetes from the Caribbean coast of Colombia: An updated checklist and some taxonomic annotations Translated title: Poliquetos de la costa Caribe en Colombia: una lista de chequeo actualizada y algunas anotaciones taxonómicas

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          Abstract

          Abstract We present an updated list of the polychaete species described for the Caribbean coasts of Colombia after a historical review of the literature. The taxonomic list includes references to the nomenclature, the synonymies, the data from the ecoregion, the habitat and the bathymetry. Based on the review, we were able to determine that up to September 2019, 51 families, 230 genera, and 293 species with scientific validity had been described for the Colombian Caribbean coast. Eunicidae is the family with the highest number of records, with a total of 33 (11.3%) species, followed by Syllidae with 23 species (7.8%) and Nereididae with 19 species (6.5%). The Tayrona ecoregion presented the greatest diversity, with 32% of species records, followed by the Magdalena ecoregion with 23.4%. Polychaetes in Colombia have been collected in natural habitats such as mangroves, seagrasses, and even as parasites and commensals of other organisms; however, about 60% of the taxonomic records correspond to organisms collected in soft and hard bottoms, mainly between 0 and 15 m deep. The descriptions and records of species on the Colombian Caribbean coast are due to the important contributions made in the 19th century by international and national researchers.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Se presenta una lista actualizada de las especies de poliquetos descritos para las costas del Caribe en Colombia con base en la revisión histórica de documentos. La lista taxonómica incluye referencias de nomenclatura, sinonimias, datos de la ecorregión, hábitat y batimetría. Mediante la revisión se pudo determinar que hasta septiembre del 2019 se han descrito 51 familias, 230 géneros y 293 especies con validez científica en la costa del Caribe en Colombia. Eunicidae es la familia con el mayor número de registros de especies, con un total de 33 (11,3 %), seguida de Syllidae, con 23 especies (7,8 %), y Nereididae, con 19 especies (6,5 %). La ecorregión Tayrona fue la que presentó la mayor diversidad, con el 32 % de los registros de especies, seguida de la ecorregión Magdalena, con 23,4 %. Los poliquetos en Colombia se han recolectado en hábitats naturales como manglares, pastos marinos e, incluso, como parásitos y comensales de otros organismos; sin embargo, cerca del 60 % de los registros taxonómicos corresponden a organismos recolectados en fondos blandos y duros, principalmente entre los 0 y 15 m de profundidad. Las descripciones y registros de especies en la costa Caribe colombiana se deben a las importantes contribuciones realizadas en el siglo XIX por investigadores internacionales y nacionales.

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          Illuminating the base of the annelid tree using transcriptomics.

          Annelida is one of three animal groups possessing segmentation and is central in considerations about the evolution of different character traits. It has even been proposed that the bilaterian ancestor resembled an annelid. However, a robust phylogeny of Annelida, especially with respect to the basal relationships, has been lacking. Our study based on transcriptomic data comprising 68,750-170,497 amino acid sites from 305 to 622 proteins resolves annelid relationships, including Chaetopteridae, Amphinomidae, Sipuncula, Oweniidae, and Magelonidae in the basal part of the tree. Myzostomida, which have been indicated to belong to the basal radiation as well, are now found deeply nested within Annelida as sister group to Errantia in most analyses. On the basis of our reconstruction of a robust annelid phylogeny, we show that the basal branching taxa include a huge variety of life styles such as tube dwelling and deposit feeding, endobenthic and burrowing, tubicolous and filter feeding, and errant and carnivorous forms. Ancestral character state reconstruction suggests that the ancestral annelid possessed a pair of either sensory or grooved palps, bicellular eyes, biramous parapodia bearing simple chaeta, and lacked nuchal organs. Because the oldest fossil of Annelida is reported for Sipuncula (520 Ma), we infer that the early diversification of annelids took place at least in the Lower Cambrian. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.
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            Marine Biodiversity in the Caribbean: Regional Estimates and Distribution Patterns

            This paper provides an analysis of the distribution patterns of marine biodiversity and summarizes the major activities of the Census of Marine Life program in the Caribbean region. The coastal Caribbean region is a large marine ecosystem (LME) characterized by coral reefs, mangroves, and seagrasses, but including other environments, such as sandy beaches and rocky shores. These tropical ecosystems incorporate a high diversity of associated flora and fauna, and the nations that border the Caribbean collectively encompass a major global marine biodiversity hot spot. We analyze the state of knowledge of marine biodiversity based on the geographic distribution of georeferenced species records and regional taxonomic lists. A total of 12,046 marine species are reported in this paper for the Caribbean region. These include representatives from 31 animal phyla, two plant phyla, one group of Chromista, and three groups of Protoctista. Sampling effort has been greatest in shallow, nearshore waters, where there is relatively good coverage of species records; offshore and deep environments have been less studied. Additionally, we found that the currently accepted classification of marine ecoregions of the Caribbean did not apply for the benthic distributions of five relatively well known taxonomic groups. Coastal species richness tends to concentrate along the Antillean arc (Cuba to the southernmost Antilles) and the northern coast of South America (Venezuela – Colombia), while no pattern can be observed in the deep sea with the available data. Several factors make it impossible to determine the extent to which these distribution patterns accurately reflect the true situation for marine biodiversity in general: (1) highly localized concentrations of collecting effort and a lack of collecting in many areas and ecosystems, (2) high variability among collecting methods, (3) limited taxonomic expertise for many groups, and (4) differing levels of activity in the study of different taxa.
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              The use of polychaetes (Annelida) as indicator species of marine pollution: a review

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                racefn
                Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales
                Rev. acad. colomb. cienc. exact. fis. nat.
                Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales (Bogotá, Distrito Capital, Colombia )
                0370-3908
                December 2019
                : 43
                : 169
                : 646-652
                Affiliations
                [1] Santa Marta orgnameUniversidad del Magdalena orgdiv1Grupo de Investigación MIKU Colombia
                [2] Santa Marta Bogotá orgnameUniversidad de Bogotá Jorge Tadeo Lozano Colombia
                Article
                S0370-39082019000400646 S0370-3908(19)04316900646
                10.18257/raccefyn.802
                9779b14e-8ab5-4ad7-b26d-5d13781899d6

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 11 December 2018
                : 04 June 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 73, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Categories
                Natural sciences

                Polychaeta,diversity,Records,lista de chequeo,checklist,poliquetos,registros,diversidad

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