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      Description of color/race in Brazilian biomedical research Translated title: Descrição de cor/raça em pesquisas biomédicas brasileiras

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          ABSTRACT

          CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE:

          Over recent years, the terms race and ethnicity have been used to ascertain inequities in public health. However, this use depends on the quality of the data available. This study aimed to investigate the description of color/race in Brazilian scientific journals within the field of biomedicine.

          DESIGN AND SETTING:

          Descriptive study with systematic search for scientific articles in the SciELO Brazil database.

          METHODS:

          A wide-ranging systematic search for original articles involving humans, published in 32 Brazilian biomedical scientific journals in the SciELO Brazil database between January and December 2008, was performed. Articles in which the race/ethnicity of the participants was identified were analyzed.

          RESULTS:

          In total, 1,180 articles were analyzed. The terms for describing race or ethnicity were often ambiguous and vague. Descriptions of race or ethnicity occurred in 159 articles (13.4%), but only in 42 (26.4%) was there a description of how individuals were identified. In these, race and ethnicity were used almost interchangeably and definition was according to skin color (71.4%), ancestry (19.0%) and self-definition (9.6%). Twenty-two races or ethnicities were cited, and the most common were white (37.3%), black (19.7%), mixed (12.9%), nonwhite (8.1%) and yellow (8.1%).

          Conclusion:

          The absence of descriptions of parameters for defining race, as well as the use of vague and ambiguous terms, may hamper and even prevent comparisons between human groups and the use of these data to ascertain inequities in healthcare.

          RESUMO

          CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO:

          Nos últimos anos os termos raça e etnia têm sido usados para verificar iniquidades em saúde pública. Entretanto, o uso dos termos depende da qualidade dos dados disponíveis. O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar a descrição de cor/raça em revistas científicas brasileiras da área biomédica.

          TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL:

          Estudo descritivo com busca sistemática de artigos científicos da base de dados SciELO Brasil.

          MÉTODOS:

          Foi realizada uma ampla busca sistemática de artigos originais envolvendo seres humanos, publicados em 32 revistas científicas biomédicas brasileiras da base de dados SciELO Brasil, publicados no período de janeiro a dezembro de 2008. Foram analisados artigos em que as raças/etnias dos participantes da pesquisa foram identificadas.

          RESULTADOS:

          Ao todo foram analisados 1.180 artigos. Os termos para descrever a raça ou etnia foram frequentemente ambíguos e vagos. A descrição da raça ou etnia ocorreu em 159 (13,4%) artigos, mas somente em 42 (26,4%) havia a descrição de como os indivíduos foram identificados. Nestes, raça e etnia foram usados praticamente como sinônimos e a definição ocorreu pela cor da pele (71,4%), ancestralidade (19,0%) e autodefinição (9,6%). Foram citadas 22 raças/etnias, sendo as mais comuns a branca (37,3%), a negra (19,7%), a parda (12,9%), a não-branca (8,1%) e a amarela (8,1%).

          CONCLUSÃO:

          A ausência de descrição de parâmetros para definir raça, bem como termos vagos e ambíguos, pode dificultar e mesmo inviabilizar a comparação de grupos humanos e a utilização desses dados para verificar iniquidades em saúde.

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          Most cited references17

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          "Race" and "ethnicity" in biomedical research: how do scientists construct and explain differences in health?

          Social and biomedical scientists, journal editors, and public health officials continue to debate the merits of the use of race and ethnicity in health-related research. As biomedical research focuses on issues of racial or ethnic health disparities, it remains unclear how biomedical scientists investigate race or ethnicity and health. This paper examines how biomedical researchers construct and analyze race or ethnicity in their studies and what conclusions they make about difference and health. Using content analysis of 204 biomedical research journal publications, which were supported by grants won from the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health in the USA, I demonstrate that although authors tended to see race or ethnicity as important and significant in their research, they rarely defined or operationalized the concepts adequately. Moreover, when presenting findings of racial or ethnic difference, authors generally did not provide explanations of the difference. I argue that this under-theorized and unspecified use of race or ethnicity and the biological conclusions drawn about health and difference have the potential to reify "race" and to limit our thinking about what these biomedical differences suggest about health disparities and inequalities in general.
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            • Record: found
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            • Article: not found

            Deconstructing the relationship between genetics and race.

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              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Four-year review of the use of race and ethnicity in epidemiologic and public health research.

              To determine how current researchers address the use of race and ethnicity as variables in epidemiologic and public health studies, the authors conducted a comprehensive review of 1,198 articles published in the American Journal of Epidemiology and the American Journal of Public Health from 1996 to 1999. Seventy-seven percent (n = 919) of the articles referred to race or ethnicity. The number of variable categories ranged from 0 to 24, with an average of 3.14 per article. An enormous diversity of terms was used to describe the concepts of race and ethnicity as variables as well as to describe the categories used to assess these variables. Researchers frequently failed to differentiate between the concepts of race and ethnicity, to state the context in which these variables were used, to state the study methods used to assess these variables, and to discuss significant study results based on race or ethnicity. Continued professional commitment is needed to ensure the scientific integrity of race and ethnicity as variables. At a minimum, researchers should clearly state the context in which these valuable epidemiologic and public health study variables are being used, describe the method used to assess and categorize these variables, and discuss all significant findings.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Sao Paulo Med J
                Sao Paulo Med J
                Sao Paulo Med J
                São Paulo Medical Journal
                Associação Paulista de Medicina - APM
                1516-3180
                1806-9460
                03 April 2012
                2012
                : 130
                : 2
                : 115-118
                Affiliations
                [I ] originalPharmacist and Postgraduate student, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil.
                [II ] originalMD, PhD. Associate Professor, Faculty of Health Sciences, Centro Universitário de Brasília (UniCEUB), Brasília, Brazil.
                Author notes
                [Address for correspondence: ] Luzitano Brandão Ferreira Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde Centro Universitário de Brasília SEPN 707/907 Brasília (DF) - Brasil CEP 70790-075 Tel. (61) 3966-1511 E-mail: Luzitano.ferreira@ 123456gmail.com

                Conflict of interest: None

                Article
                10.1590/S1516-31802012000200008
                10896562
                22481758
                9779d43a-f867-44d7-929e-59e9ded111db

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons license.

                History
                : 14 January 2011
                : 13 July 2011
                : 13 July 2011
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 10, Pages: 4
                Categories
                Short Communication

                ethnic groups,socioeconomic factors,public health,health services research,biomedical research,grupos étnicos,fatores socioeconômicos,saúde pública,pesquisa em serviços de saúde,pesquisa biomédica

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