Relación entre bienestar psicológico y la percepción de calidad de vida en pacientes en hemodiálisis  <span class="so-article-trans-title" dir="auto"> Translated title: Relationship between psychological well-being and perception of quality of life in hemodialysis patients </span>

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Abstract

RESUMEN Introducción: La hemodiálisis es la alternativa terapéutica más empleada en los pacientes con enfermedad renal cró nica; sin embargo, no se han establecido de forma multi dimensional las condiciones de bienestar psicológico y la calidad de vida de estos pacientes. Objetivo: Analizar el perfil de bienestar psicológico y per cepción de calidad de vida de pacientes en hemodiálisis, así como diferenciar e identificar la relación entre estas varia bles. Material y método: Estudio observacional descriptivo trans versal realizado a 173 pacientes en hemodiálisis. Se emplea ron los cuestionarios PGWBI para evaluar el bienestar psi cológico y el WHOQOL-BREF para la calidad de vida. Resultados: Pacientes con ERC en tratamiento con HD con un promedio de 57,59±13,31 años, predominantemente de género masculino (n=110; 63,58%). Se encontraron altos índices de bienestar psicológico (78,61%) y percepciones moderadas de calidad de vida (54,91%), acompañadas de sintomatología depresiva (97,11%) y ansiosa (97,11%). La edad, nivel educativo, condición laboral, ingresos económi cos, tener Diabetes Mellitus y concentraciones sanguíneas inadecuadas de hemoglobina, potasio y fósforo, mostraron diferencias en los dominios y categorías (p<0,01). El análisis correlacional encontró una estrecha relación lineal entre las dos variables estudiadas (r=0,81; p=0,0001). Conclusiones: Los participantes del estudio mostraron altas percepciones de bienestar psicológico y moderadas aprecia ciones de calidad de vida a expensas de elevadas valora ciones de positividad, autocontrol, vitalidad y percepciones de salud física, psicológica y relaciones sociales. El bienestar psicológico desde sus diferentes categorías influencia direc tamente la percepción de calidad de vida de los pacientes en hemodiálisis.

Translated abstract

ABSTRACT Introduction: Hemodialysis is the most widely used therapeutic alternative in patients with chronic kidney disease; however, the conditions of psychological well-being and quality of life of these patients have not been established in a multidimensional way. Objective: To analyse the profile of psychological well-being and perception of quality of life of hemodialysis patients, as well as to differentiate and identify the relationship between these variables. Material and method: Cross-sectional descriptive observatio nal study carried out on 173 hemodialysis patients. The PGW BI questionnaires were used to assess psychological well-be ing and the WHOQOL-BREF for quality of life. Results: Patients with CKD on hemodialysis with an average age of 57.59±13.31 years, predominantly male (n=110; 63.58%). High indices of psychological well-being (78.61%) and moderate perceptions of quality of life (54.91%) were found, accompanied by depressive (97.11%) and anxious (97.11%) symptomatology. Age, educational level, employment status, income, having diabetes mellitus and inadequate blood concentrations of haemoglobin, potassium and phosphorus showed differences in the domains and categories (p<0.01). Correlational analysis found a strong linear relationship between the two variables studied (r=0.81; p=0.0001). Conclusions: Study participants showed high perceptions of psychological well-being and moderate appreciations of qua lity of life at the expense of high ratings of positivity, self-con trol, vitality and perceptions of physical health, psychological health and social relationships. Psychological well-being ac cording to different categories directly influences the percei ved quality of life of hemodialysis patients.

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Is Open Access

Global Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease – A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nathan Hill, Samuel T Fatoba, Jason L. Oke … (2016)

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health burden with a high economic cost to health systems and is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). All stages of CKD are associated with increased risks of cardiovascular morbidity, premature mortality, and/or decreased quality of life. CKD is usually asymptomatic until later stages and accurate prevalence data are lacking. Thus we sought to determine the prevalence of CKD globally, by stage, geographical location, gender and age. A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies estimating CKD prevalence in general populations was conducted through literature searches in 8 databases. We assessed pooled data using a random effects model. Of 5,842 potential articles, 100 studies of diverse quality were included, comprising 6,908,440 patients. Global mean(95%CI) CKD prevalence of 5 stages 13·4%(11·7–15·1%), and stages 3–5 was 10·6%(9·2–12·2%). Weighting by study quality did not affect prevalence estimates. CKD prevalence by stage was Stage-1 (eGFR>90+ACR>30): 3·5% (2·8–4·2%); Stage-2 (eGFR 60–89+ACR>30): 3·9% (2·7–5·3%); Stage-3 (eGFR 30–59): 7·6% (6·4–8·9%); Stage-4 = (eGFR 29–15): 0·4% (0·3–0·5%); and Stage-5 (eGFR<15): 0·1% (0·1–0·1%). CKD has a high global prevalence with a consistent estimated global CKD prevalence of between 11 to 13% with the majority stage 3. Future research should evaluate intervention strategies deliverable at scale to delay the progression of CKD and improve CVD outcomes.