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      When borders transnationalize people: reframing the migrant transnationalism in the Andean tri-border area Translated title: Quando as fronteiras transnacionalizam as pessoas: repensar o transnacionalismo migrante na tríplice fronteira andina

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          Abstract

          This article derives from ethnographic studies developed in the Northern Chilean territories that lie adjacent to Peru and Bolivia. The research results suggest that the daily activities of transborder inhabitants generate frictions between the local inscription of social practices, and the transnationalization of communitarian knowledge, economies and memories. These frictions situationally update the national identities in these areas. Over the last two decades, an idea has prevailed in migratory studies that the migrant’s border crossings articulate transnational social fields between origin and host societies, leading to a globalization “from below.” Ethnographic findings defy this conception, since the social networks and practices that interconnect these borderlands predate the establishment of the national frontiers. It was not the communities who transnationalized the territories: the borders transnationalized them. I will illustrate this assertion by ethnographically following Joanna, an Aymaran shepherdess that found a transnational solution to the lack of successors to her shepherding activities.

          Translated abstract

          O artigo resulta de estudos etnográficos realizados em territórios do Norte chileno adjacentes ao Peru e à Bolívia. Os resultados da pesquisa sugerem que as atividades dos habitantes transfronteiriços geram fricções entre a inscrição local das práticas sociais e a transnacionalização de conhecimentos, economias e memórias. Estas fricções atualizam situacionalmente as identidades nacionais nestes espaços. Nas últimas duas décadas, predominou nos estudos migratórios a conceção de que os cruzamentos de fronteira pelos migrantes articulam campos sociais transnacionais entre origem e destino, conduzindo a uma “globalização por baixo”. Os achados etnográficos desafiam esta conceção, pois as redes sociais e práticas que interconectam as áreas estudadas antecedem o estabelecimento das fronteiras nacionais. Não foram as comunidades que transnacionalizaram os territórios, foram as fronteiras. Ilustrarei esta afirmação seguindo etnograficamente a Joana, pastora aimará que encontrou uma solução transnacional para a falta de sucessores nas suas atividades de pastoreio.

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          Most cited references23

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          Theories of International Migration: A Review and Appraisal

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            Transnational Migration Studies: Past Developments and Future Trends

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              Transnationalism: a new analytic framework for understanding migration.

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Journal
                etn
                Etnográfica
                Etnográfica
                Centro em Rede de Investigação em Antropologia - CRIA (Lisboa, , Portugal )
                0873-6561
                February 2018
                : 22
                : 1
                : 169-194
                Affiliations
                [02] orgnameUniversity of Tarapacá Chile
                [01] orgnameNational University of San Martín orgdiv1Institute for Advanced Studies in Social Sciences orgdiv2National Council of Scientific and Technological Research of Argentina
                Article
                S0873-65612018000100009
                10.4000/etnografica.5197
                9792da69-e145-4a6d-8cd4-174c487518f8

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 02 February 2018
                : 28 February 2018
                : 26 November 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 59, Pages: 26
                Product

                SciELO Portugal


                Andean tri-border area,shepherding,transnationalism,borders,migration,fronteiras,transnacionalismo,migração,tríplice fronteira andina,pastoreio

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