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      Nanomedicine approaches to improve cancer immunotherapy : Nanotechnology in cancer immunotherapy

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          Abstract

          <p class="first" id="P1">Significant advances have been made in the field of cancer immunotherapy by orchestrating the body’s immune system to eradicate cancer cells. However, safety and efficacy concerns stemming from the systemic delivery of immunomodulatory compounds limits cancer immunotherapies expansion and application. In this context, nanotechnology presents a number of advantages, such as targeted delivery to immune cells, enhanced clinical outcomes, and reduced adverse events, which may aid in the delivery of cancer vaccines and immunomodulatory agents. With this in mind, a diverse range of nanomaterials with different physicochemical characteristics have been developed to stimulate the immune system and battle cancer. In this review, we will focus on some recent developments and the potential advantages of utilizing nanotechnology within the field of cancer immunotherapy. </p><p id="P2"> <div class="figure-container so-text-align-c"> <img alt="" class="figure" src="/document_file/e11bf924-2e1a-473d-b019-0d55a5015e44/PubMedCentral/image/nihms840007u1.jpg"/> </div> </p>

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          Most cited references56

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          Analysis of nanoparticle delivery to tumours

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            Cancer Cell Membrane-Coated Nanoparticles for Anticancer Vaccination and Drug Delivery

            Cell-derived nanoparticles have been garnering increased attention due to their ability to mimic many of the natural properties displayed by their source cells. This top-down engineering approach can be applied toward the development of novel therapeutic strategies owing to the unique interactions enabled through the retention of complex antigenic information. Herein, we report on the biological functionalization of polymeric nanoparticles with a layer of membrane coating derived from cancer cells. The resulting core–shell nanostructures, which carry the full array of cancer cell membrane antigens, offer a robust platform with applicability toward multiple modes of anticancer therapy. We demonstrate that by coupling the particles with an immunological adjuvant, the resulting formulation can be used to promote a tumor-specific immune response for use in vaccine applications. Moreover, we show that by taking advantage of the inherent homotypic binding phenomenon frequently observed among tumor cells the membrane functionalization allows for a unique cancer targeting strategy that can be utilized for drug delivery applications.
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              Therapeutic potential of Toll-like receptor 9 activation.

              In the decade since the discovery that mouse B cells respond to certain unmethylated CpG dinucleotides in bacterial DNA, a specific receptor for these 'CpG motifs' has been identified, Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), and a new approach to immunotherapy has moved into the clinic based on the use of synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) as TLR9 agonists. This review highlights the current understanding of the mechanism of action of these CpG ODN, and provides an overview of the preclinical data and early human clinical trial results using these drugs to improve vaccines and treat cancer, infectious disease and allergy/asthma.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology
                WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol
                Wiley
                19395116
                September 2017
                September 2017
                March 10 2017
                : 9
                : 5
                : e1456
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Laboratory of Nano- and Translational Medicine, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Carolina Center for Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence, Carolina Institute of Nanomedicine; Department of Radiation Oncology; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill NC USA
                [2 ]Department of Radiation Oncology; Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University; Xuzhou China
                [3 ]Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute; Xuzhou Medical University; Xuzhou China
                Article
                10.1002/wnan.1456
                5561449
                28296286
                979444c1-e3fd-4923-81b6-dbe7bad1dd9d
                © 2017

                http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1

                http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor

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