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      Identification of the Relationship between Oil Body Morphology and Oil Content by Microstructure Comparison Combining with QTL Analysis in Brassica napus

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          Abstract

          Oil bodies (OBs) are relatively simple but very important organelles comprising a matrix of triacylglycerol (TAG) surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer embedded and covered with unique proteins. The OB structure in Brassica napus with different oil content and the relationship between the oil content and the OB structure needs to be better understood. In this paper, the characteristics of OBs in the embryo of a series of B. napus materials with different oil content ranging from 34% to over 60% were studied. The results indicated that the OB size was significantly positively correlated with the oil content but was significantly negatively correlated with the glucosinolates and the protein content. Many genes associated with TAG synthesis, OB-membrane proteins, and the cell progress regulatory pathway were identified in the confidence interval of co-located QTLs for oil content, fatty acid (FA) compositions, and protein content. Our results suggested that the morphology of OBs might be directly controlled by the genes associated with OB-membrane proteins and indirectly controlled by the genes associated with TAG synthesis and cell progress regulatory pathway.

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          Most cited references52

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          The biophysics and cell biology of lipid droplets.

          Lipid droplets are intracellular organelles that are found in most cells, where they have fundamental roles in metabolism. They function prominently in storing oil-based reserves of metabolic energy and components of membrane lipids. Lipid droplets are the dispersed phase of an oil-in-water emulsion in the aqueous cytosol of cells, and the importance of basic biophysical principles of emulsions for lipid droplet biology is now being appreciated. Because of their unique architecture, with an interface between the dispersed oil phase and the aqueous cytosol, specific mechanisms underlie their formation, growth and shrinkage. Such mechanisms enable cells to use emulsified oil when the demands for metabolic energy or membrane synthesis change. The regulation of the composition of the phospholipid surfactants at the surface of lipid droplets is crucial for lipid droplet homeostasis and protein targeting to their surfaces.
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            Triacylglycerol synthesis enzymes mediate lipid droplet growth by relocalizing from the ER to lipid droplets.

            Lipid droplets (LDs) store metabolic energy and membrane lipid precursors. With excess metabolic energy, cells synthesize triacylglycerol (TG) and form LDs that grow dramatically. It is unclear how TG synthesis relates to LD formation and growth. Here, we identify two LD subpopulations: smaller LDs of relatively constant size, and LDs that grow larger. The latter population contains isoenzymes for each step of TG synthesis. Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 4 (GPAT4), which catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step, relocalizes from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to a subset of forming LDs, where it becomes stably associated. ER-to-LD targeting of GPAT4 and other LD-localized TG synthesis isozymes is required for LD growth. Key features of GPAT4 ER-to-LD targeting and function in LD growth are conserved between Drosophila and mammalian cells. Our results explain how TG synthesis is coupled with LD growth and identify two distinct LD subpopulations based on their capacity for localized TG synthesis. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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              The life of lipid droplets.

              Lipid droplets are the least characterized of cellular organelles. Long considered simple lipid storage depots, these dynamic and remarkable organelles have recently been implicated in many biological processes, and we are only now beginning to gain insights into their fascinating lives in cells. Here we examine what we know of the life of lipid droplets. We review emerging data concerning their cellular biology and present our thoughts on some of the most salient questions for investigation.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Front Plant Sci
                Front Plant Sci
                Front. Plant Sci.
                Frontiers in Plant Science
                Frontiers Media S.A.
                1664-462X
                06 January 2017
                2016
                : 7
                : 1989
                Affiliations
                [1] 1Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
                [2] 2Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Huanggang Normal University Huanggang, China
                [3] 3Hybrid Rapeseed Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Rapeseed Branch of National Centre for Oil Crops Genetic Improvement Yangling, China
                [4] 4Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wuhan, China
                [5] 5Institute of Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing, China
                Author notes

                Edited by: Jianjun Chen, University of Florida, USA

                Reviewed by: Harsh Raman, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Australia; Youping Wang, Yangzhou University, China; Liezhao Liu, Southwest University, China

                *Correspondence: Maoteng Li limaoteng426@ 123456mail.hust.edu.cn

                This article was submitted to Crop Science and Horticulture, a section of the journal Frontiers in Plant Science

                †These authors have contributed equally to this work.

                Article
                10.3389/fpls.2016.01989
                5216053
                28111582
                9797437a-0227-46ad-8235-f9031cecb2db
                Copyright © 2017 Gu, Chao, Wang, Li, Li, Xiang, Gan, Lu, Zhang, Long and Li.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                : 17 October 2016
                : 15 December 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 7, Tables: 4, Equations: 0, References: 62, Pages: 16, Words: 11011
                Funding
                Funded by: National Key Research and Development Program
                Award ID: 2016YFD0100200
                Funded by: Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center
                Award ID: 2015TD03
                Funded by: Ministry of Education of China 10.13039/501100002338
                Award ID: NCET110172
                Categories
                Plant Science
                Original Research

                Plant science & Botany
                oil body,brassica napus,oil content,fatty acids,qtl,map alignment
                Plant science & Botany
                oil body, brassica napus, oil content, fatty acids, qtl, map alignment

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