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      Engineered nanoparticles interacting with cells: size matters

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          Abstract

          With the rapid advancement of nanoscience and nanotechnology, detailed knowledge of interactions between engineered nanomaterials and cells, tissues and organisms has become increasingly important, especially in regard to possible hazards to human health. This review intends to give an overview of current research on nano-bio interactions, with a focus on the effects of NP size on their interactions with live cells. We summarize common techniques to characterize NP size, highlight recent work on the impact of NP size on active and passive cellular internalization and intracellular localization. Cytotoxic effects are also discussed.

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          Gold nanoparticles in chemical and biological sensing.

          Krishnendu Saha, Sarit Agasti, Chaekyu Kim … (2012)
          Article 0 comments Cited 797 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Nanoparticle-mediated cellular response is size-dependent.

            Wen Jiang, Betty Kim, James T. Rutka … (2008)
            Nanostructures of different sizes, shapes and material properties have many applications in biomedical imaging, clinical diagnostics and therapeutics. In spite of what has been achieved so far, a complete understanding of how cells interact with nanostructures of well-defined sizes, at the molecular level, remains poorly understood. Here we show that gold and silver nanoparticles coated with antibodies can regulate the process of membrane receptor internalization. The binding and activation of membrane receptors and subsequent protein expression strongly depend on nanoparticle size. Although all nanoparticles within the 2-100 nm size range were found to alter signalling processes essential for basic cell functions (including cell death), 40- and 50-nm nanoparticles demonstrated the greatest effect. These results show that nanoparticles should no longer be viewed as simple carriers for biomedical applications, but can also play an active role in mediating biological effects. The findings presented here may assist in the design of nanoscale delivery and therapeutic systems and provide insights into nanotoxicity.
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              Determination of size and concentration of gold nanoparticles from UV-vis spectra.

              Wolfgang Haiss, Nguyen T K Thanh, Jenny Aveyard … (2007)
              The dependence of the optical properties of spherical gold nanoparticles on particle size and wavelength were analyzed theoretically using multipole scattering theory, where the complex refractive index of gold was corrected for the effect of a reduced mean free path of the conduction electrons in small particles. To compare these theoretical results to experimental data, gold nanoparticles in the size range of 5 to 100 nm were synthesized and characterized with TEM and UV-vis. Excellent agreement was found between theory and experiment. It is shown that the data produced here can be used to determine both size and concentration of gold nanoparticles directly from UV-vis spectra. Equations for this purpose are derived, and the precision of various methods is discussed. The major aim of this work is to provide a simple and fast method to determine size and concentration of nanoparticles.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Nanobiotechnology
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Nanobiotechnology
                Title: Journal of Nanobiotechnology
                Publisher: BioMed Central
                ISSN (Electronic): 1477-3155
                Publication date Collection: 2014
                Publication date (Electronic): 3 February 2014
                Volume: 12
                Page: 5
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Institute of Applied Physics and Center for Functional Nanostructures (CFN), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wolfgang-Gaede-Strasse 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
                [2 ]Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
                [3 ]Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
                Article
                Publisher ID: 1477-3155-12-5
                DOI: 10.1186/1477-3155-12-5
                PMC ID: 3922601
                PubMed ID: 24491160
                SO-VID: 97a44754-9104-409f-9982-355d56921610
                Copyright © Copyright © 2014 Shang et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

                History
                Date received : 3 January 2014
                Date accepted : 31 January 2014
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Biotechnology
                Keywords: nanoparticle,protein corona,red blood cell,cellular uptake,cytotoxicity,endocytosis
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Biotechnology
                Keywords: nanoparticle, protein corona, red blood cell, cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, endocytosis

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