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      Comparative analysis based on replication banding reveals the mechanism responsible for the difference in the karyotype constitution of treefrogs Ololygon and Scinax (Arboranae, Hylidae, Scinaxinae)

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          Abstract

          Abstract

          According to the recent taxonomic and phylogenetic revision of the family Hylidae , species of the former Scinax catharinae (Boulenger, 1888) clade were included in the resurrected genus Ololygon Fitzinger, 1843, while species of the Scinax ruber (Laurenti, 1768) clade were mostly included in the genus Scinax Wagler, 1830, and two were allocated to the newly created genus Julianus Duellman et al., 2016. Although all the species of the former Scinax genus shared a diploid number of 2n = 24 and the same fundamental number of chromosome arms of FN = 48, two karyotypic constitutions were unequivocally recognized, related mainly to the distinct size and morphology of the first two chromosome pairs. Some possible mechanisms for these differences had been suggested, but without any experimental evidence. In this paper, a comparison was carried out based on replication chromosome banding, obtained after DNA incorporation of 5-bromodeoxiuridine in chromosomes of Ololygon and Scinax . The obtained results revealed that the loss of repetitive segments in chromosome pairs 1 and 2 was the mechanism responsible for karyotype difference. The distinct localization of the nucleolus organizer regions in the species of both genera also differentiates the two karyotypic constitutions.

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          A cladistic analysis of Scinax (Anura: Hylidae)

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            An expanded phylogeny of treefrogs (Hylidae) based on nuclear and mitochondrial sequence data.

            The treefrogs (Hylidae) make up one of the most species-rich families of amphibians. With 885 species currently described, they contain >13% of all amphibian species. In recent years, there has been considerable progress in resolving hylid phylogeny. However, the most comprehensive phylogeny to date (Wiens et al., 2006) included only 292 species, was based only on parsimony, provided only poor support for most higher-level relationships, and conflicted with previous hypotheses in several parts (including the monophyly and relationships of major clades of Hylinae). Here, we present an expanded phylogeny for hylid frogs, including data for 362 hylid taxa for up to 11 genes (4 mitochondrial, 7 nuclear), including 70 additional taxa and >270 sequences not included in the previously most comprehensive analysis. The new tree from maximum likelihood analysis is more well-resolved, strongly supported, and concordant with previous hypotheses, and provides a framework for future systematic, biogeographic, ecological, and evolutionary studies. 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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              The chromosomes of terraranan frogs. Insights into vertebrate cytogenetics.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Comp Cytogenet
                Comp Cytogenet
                CompCytogen
                Comparative Cytogenetics
                Pensoft Publishers
                1993-0771
                1993-078X
                2017
                18 April 2017
                : 11
                : 2
                : 267-283
                Affiliations
                [1 ] UNESP, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Biologia, Av. 24A, 1515, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
                [2 ] UNESP, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia, Av. 24A, 1515, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: Sanae Kasahara ( kasahara@ 123456rc.unesp.br )

                Academic editor: T. Capriglione

                Article
                10.3897/CompCytogen.11(2).11254
                5596983
                97b57f0e-bdee-40b1-9a94-980fd2b9c266
                Simone Lilian Gruber, Gabriela Isabela Gomes de Oliveira, Ana Paula Zampieri Silva, Hideki Narimatsu, Célio Fernando Baptista Haddad, Sanae Kasahara

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 18 November 2016
                : 12 March 2017
                Funding
                Funded by: Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo 501100001807 http://doi.org/10.13039/501100001807
                Categories
                Research Article

                anura,hylidae,5-bromodeoxiuridine,comparative cytogenetics,nor,karyotype evolution

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