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      Maternal anxiety about a child's diabetes risk in the TEDDY study: the potential role of life stress, postpartum depression, and risk perception : Maternal anxiety about child's T1D risk

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          Distribution of traumatic and other stressful life events by race/ethnicity, gender, SES and age: a review of the research.

          Much research has shown that reports of stressful life events are related to a wide variety of psychiatric and physical health outcomes. Relatively little research exists, however, on the distribution of the events according to gender, age, racial/ethnic background, and socioeconomic status (SES). Such information would help identify groups at greatest risk for further investigation. This paper presents a review of the relevant studies. We find that traumatic (e.g., life threatening) events appear to be more frequent for men, while men and women differ more consistently on types rather than on overall numbers of stressful events other than traumatic. Traumatic and other stressful events tend to be more frequent in low SES and racial/ethnic minorities groups, and finally, both traumatic and other stressful events are reported more by younger age groups in samples 18 years of age and older. The limitations and implications of these findings for further research and preventive interventions are discussed, especially the need for more detailed information about individual events.
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            Inventorying stressful life events as risk factors for psychopathology: Toward resolution of the problem of intracategory variability.

            An explosion of research on life events has occurred since the publication of the Holmes and Rahe checklist in 1967. Despite criticism, especially of their use in research on psychopathology, such economical inventories have remained dominant. Most of the problems of reliability and validity with traditional inventories can be traced to the intracategory variability of actual events reported in their broad checklist categories. The purposes of this review are, first, to examine how this problem has been addressed within the tradition of economical checklist approaches; second, to determine how it has been dealt with by far less widely used and far less economical labor-intensive interview and narrative-rating approaches; and, third, to assess the prospects for relatively economical, as well as reliable and valid, solutions. Copyright 2006 APA, all rights reserved.
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              The rise of childhood type 1 diabetes in the 20th century.

              E. Gale (2002)
              The incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes increased worldwide in the closing decades of the 20th century, but the origins of this increase are poorly documented. A search through the early literature revealed a number of useful but neglected sources, particularly in Scandinavia. While these do not meet the exacting standards of more recent surveys, tentative conclusions can be drawn concerning long-term changes in the demography of the disease. Childhood type 1 diabetes was rare but well recognized before the introduction of insulin. Low incidence and prevalence rates were recorded in several countries over the period 1920-1950, and one carefully performed study showed no change in childhood incidence over the period 1925-1955. An almost simultaneous upturn was documented in several countries around the mid-century. The overall pattern since then is one of linear increase, with evidence of a plateau in some high-incidence populations and of a catch-up phenomenon in some low-incidence areas. Steep rises in the age-group under 5 years have been recorded recently. The disease process underlying type 1 diabetes has changed over time and continues to evolve. Understanding why and how this produced the pandemic of childhood diabetes would be an important step toward reversing it.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Pediatric Diabetes
                Pediatr Diabetes
                Wiley
                1399543X
                June 2015
                June 2015
                August 01 2014
                : 16
                : 4
                : 287-298
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Institut für Diabetesforschung; Helmholtz Zentrum München; Ingolstädter Landstraße 1 Neuherberg 85764 Germany
                [2 ]Institute of Psychology; University of Graz; Universitaetsplatz 2/III Graz 8010 Austria
                [3 ]Pediatrics Epidemiology Centre; University of South Florida; Tampa FL 33612 USA
                [4 ]Department of Clinical Sciences; University Hospital MAS, Lund University; Malmö 20502 Sweden
                [5 ]Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, School of Medicine; University of Colorado Denver-AMC; Aurora CO 80045 USA
                [6 ]Department of Community and Behavioral Health, Colorado School of Public Health; University of Colorado Denver-AMC; Aurora CO 80045 USA
                [7 ]Department of Pediatrics; University of Turku, Turku University Hospital; Klinamyllynkatu 4-8 Turku 20520 Finland
                [8 ]Department of Pediatrics; University of South Florida; Tampa FL 33612 USA
                [9 ]Department of Medical Humanities and Social Sciences; Florida State University College of Medicine; Talahassee FL 32306-4300 USA
                Article
                10.1111/pedi.12168
                25082392
                97d5db42-5167-4ca3-9245-28d41b51d7af
                © 2014

                http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1

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