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      AJEDI in Science: Leveraging Instructor Communities to Create Antiracist Curricula

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          ABSTRACT

          Gateway college science courses continue to exclude students from science, disproportionately discriminating against students of color. As the higher education system strives to reduce discrimination, we need a deliberate, iterative process to modify, supplement, or replace current modalities. By incorporating antiracist, just, equitable, diverse, and inclusive (AJEDI) principles throughout course design, instructors create learning environments that provide an antidote to historically oppressive systems. In this paper, we describe how a community of microbiology instructors who all teach Tiny Earth, a course-based undergraduate research experience, created and rapidly integrated antiracist content and pivoted to an online format in response to the social unrest and pandemic of 2020. The effort strengthened an existing teaching community of practice and produced collective change in classrooms across the nation. We provide a perspective on how instructor communities of practice can be leveraged to design and disseminate AJEDI curriculum.

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          Most cited references71

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          Active learning increases student performance in science, engineering, and mathematics.

          To test the hypothesis that lecturing maximizes learning and course performance, we metaanalyzed 225 studies that reported data on examination scores or failure rates when comparing student performance in undergraduate science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) courses under traditional lecturing versus active learning. The effect sizes indicate that on average, student performance on examinations and concept inventories increased by 0.47 SDs under active learning (n = 158 studies), and that the odds ratio for failing was 1.95 under traditional lecturing (n = 67 studies). These results indicate that average examination scores improved by about 6% in active learning sections, and that students in classes with traditional lecturing were 1.5 times more likely to fail than were students in classes with active learning. Heterogeneity analyses indicated that both results hold across the STEM disciplines, that active learning increases scores on concept inventories more than on course examinations, and that active learning appears effective across all class sizes--although the greatest effects are in small (n ≤ 50) classes. Trim and fill analyses and fail-safe n calculations suggest that the results are not due to publication bias. The results also appear robust to variation in the methodological rigor of the included studies, based on the quality of controls over student quality and instructor identity. This is the largest and most comprehensive metaanalysis of undergraduate STEM education published to date. The results raise questions about the continued use of traditional lecturing as a control in research studies, and support active learning as the preferred, empirically validated teaching practice in regular classrooms.
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            Racism as a Determinant of Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

            Despite a growing body of epidemiological evidence in recent years documenting the health impacts of racism, the cumulative evidence base has yet to be synthesized in a comprehensive meta-analysis focused specifically on racism as a determinant of health. This meta-analysis reviewed the literature focusing on the relationship between reported racism and mental and physical health outcomes. Data from 293 studies reported in 333 articles published between 1983 and 2013, and conducted predominately in the U.S., were analysed using random effects models and mean weighted effect sizes. Racism was associated with poorer mental health (negative mental health: r = -.23, 95% CI [-.24,-.21], k = 227; positive mental health: r = -.13, 95% CI [-.16,-.10], k = 113), including depression, anxiety, psychological stress and various other outcomes. Racism was also associated with poorer general health (r = -.13 (95% CI [-.18,-.09], k = 30), and poorer physical health (r = -.09, 95% CI [-.12,-.06], k = 50). Moderation effects were found for some outcomes with regard to study and exposure characteristics. Effect sizes of racism on mental health were stronger in cross-sectional compared with longitudinal data and in non-representative samples compared with representative samples. Age, sex, birthplace and education level did not moderate the effects of racism on health. Ethnicity significantly moderated the effect of racism on negative mental health and physical health: the association between racism and negative mental health was significantly stronger for Asian American and Latino(a) American participants compared with African American participants, and the association between racism and physical health was significantly stronger for Latino(a) American participants compared with African American participants. Protocol PROSPERO registration number: CRD42013005464.
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              Team assembly mechanisms determine collaboration network structure and team performance.

              Agents in creative enterprises are embedded in networks that inspire, support, and evaluate their work. Here, we investigate how the mechanisms by which creative teams self-assemble determine the structure of these collaboration networks. We propose a model for the self-assembly of creative teams that has its basis in three parameters: team size, the fraction of newcomers in new productions, and the tendency of incumbents to repeat previous collaborations. The model suggests that the emergence of a large connected community of practitioners can be described as a phase transition. We find that team assembly mechanisms determine both the structure of the collaboration network and team performance for teams derived from both artistic and scientific fields.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                J Microbiol Biol Educ
                J Microbiol Biol Educ
                jmbe
                Journal of Microbiology & Biology Education
                American Society for Microbiology (1752 N St., N.W., Washington, DC )
                1935-7877
                1935-7885
                11 April 2022
                April 2022
                11 April 2022
                : 23
                : 1
                : e00248-21
                Affiliations
                [a ] Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
                [b ] Department of Biology, Notre Dame of Maryland University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
                [c ] Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
                Author notes

                Sarah Miller and Jennifer E. Kerr contributed equally to this article. Miller is listed first because she initiated the project and is the corresponding author.

                The authors declare a conflict of interest. J.H. is part owner of Wacasa, Inc., a start-up dedicated to antibiotic discovery.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3348-4470
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3946-449X
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3488-5030
                Article
                jmbe00248-21 jmbe.00248-21
                10.1128/jmbe.00248-21
                9053041
                35496699
                97d7fe20-b4ad-47d6-886a-b9114e011caa
                Copyright © 2022 Miller et al.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International license.

                History
                : 5 October 2021
                : 13 January 2022
                Page count
                supplementary-material: 1, Figures: 2, Tables: 3, Equations: 0, References: 76, Pages: 13, Words: 8612
                Categories
                Perspective
                jmbe-opp-chal-instruc, Special Sections: Opportunities and Challenges of Online Instruction
                Custom metadata
                April 2022

                antiracism,justice,equity,diversity,inclusion,structural racism,course-based undergraduate research experience (cure),scientific teaching,microbiology instruction,instructor community of practice

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