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      Agentes hemostáticos tópicos de uso quirúrgico Translated title: Topical hemostatic agents for surgical use

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Introducción: La morbilidad, mortalidad y costes tras la cirugía se hallan influenciados en gran medida por la pérdida hemática o hemorragia y las consecuencias derivadas de la misma. Para controlar la hemorragia, es frecuente el uso de agentes hemostáticos tópicos en combinación o en adyuvancia a otras técnicas hemostáticas, cuando éstas resultan ineficaces o impracticables. Material y métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática en Cochrane y MEDLINE desde el año 2000 a 2017 para identificar las publicaciones relacionadas con el uso de hemostáticos pasivos, activos y sellantes en comparación con otros agentes hemostáticos en todos los tipos de intervenciones quirúrgicas. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 20 ensayos clínicos. La variable principal de eficacia en el 95% fue el tiempo hasta la hemostasia y en el 5% la disminución del sangrado. Las intervenciones quirúrgicas más frecuentes fueron; cirugía hepática (30%), vascular (20%), cardíaca (10%), espinal (10%), general (5%), plástica (5%), y otros tipos de cirugía (20%). Los estudios se dividieron en 7 grupos, en función del tipo de agente hemostático a estudio y el comparador: a) hemostáticos mixtos versus pasivos (10%), b) sellantes de fibrina versus hemostáticos activos (5%), c) sellantes de fibrina versus hemostáticos pasivos (50%), d) hemostáticos mixtos entre sí (15%), e) sellantes de fibrina entre sí (5%), f) hemostáticos pasivos entre sí (5%), g) hemostáticos activos entre sí (10%). Conclusiones: Los hemostáticos activos, mixtos y sellantes de fibrina demuestran superioridad frente a los pasivos en términos de eficacia clínica, con un coste superior y un perfil de efectos adversos similar.

          Translated abstract

          SUMMARY Introduction: Morbidity, mortality, and costs after surgery are greatly influenced by blood loss or bleeding and the consequences of it. To control bleeding, the use of topical hemostatic agents in combination or adjuvant to other hemostatic techniques is frequent, when these are ineffective or impractical. Method: A systematic review was conducted in Cochrane and PubMed from 2000 to 2017 to identify publications related to the use of passive, active and sealant hemostatics compared to other hemostatic agents in all types of surgical interventions. Results: Twenty clinical trials were selected. The main variable of efficacy in 95% was the time to hemostasis and in 5% the decrease in bleeding. The most frequent surgical interventions were; liver surgery (30%), vascular (20%), cardiac (10%), spinal (10%), general (5%), plastic (5%), and other types of surgery (20%). The studies were divided into 7 groups, depending on the type of hemostatic agent under study and the comparator: a) mixed hemostatic versus passive (10%), b) fibrin sealants versus active hemostatic agents (5%), c) fibrin sealants versus passive hemostatic (50%), d) mixed hemostatic with each other (15%), e) fibrin sealants with each other (5%), f) passive hemostatic with each other (5%), g) active hemostatic with each other (10%). Conclusions: Active and mixed hemostatics and fibrin sealants showed superiority over the passive hemostatics in terms of clinical efficacy, with a higher cost and a similar profile of side effects.

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          Most cited references35

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          A comprehensive review of topical hemostatic agents: efficacy and recommendations for use.

          Since ancient times we have attempted to facilitate hemostasis by application of topical agents. In the last decade, the number of different effective hemostatic agents has increased drastically. In order for the modern surgeon to successfully choose the right agent at the right time, it is essential to understand the mechanism of action, efficacy and possible adverse events as they relate to each agent. In this article we provide a comprehensive review of the most commonly used hemostatic agents, subcategorized as physical agents, absorbable agents, biologic agents, and synthetic agents. We also evaluate novel hemostatic dressings and their application in the current era. Furthermore, wholesale acquisition prices for hospitals in the United States are provided to aid in cost analysis. We conclude with an expert opinion on which agent to use under different scenarios.
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            Fibrin sealant: past, present, and future: a brief review.

            Fibrin sealant is a two-component topical hemostat, sealant, and tissue adhesive consisting of fibrinogen and thrombin that has been used in the United States as a blood bank- or laboratory-derived product since the 1980s and has been commercially available since 1998. Initially, surgeons employed hospital-based materials because of the lack of availability of a commercially produced agent. At present, there are five U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved forms including products derived from pooled or autologous human plasma as well as bovine plasma. On-label indications include hemostasis, colonic sealing, and skin graft attachment. Recent clinical and experimental uses include tissue or mesh attachment, fistula closure, lymphatic sealing, adhesion prevention, drug delivery, and tissue engineering. The modern literature on fibrin sealant now exceeds 3000 articles and continues to expand. This brief review presents the history of this material, its present clinical use, and its future applications.
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              State-of-the-art review: Hemostats, sealants, and adhesives II: Update as well as how and when to use the components of the surgical toolbox.

              The goal of this submission is to describe how and when to best use hemostats, sealants, and adhesives as well as to compare their characteristics and to update the surgical toolbox with respect to any new products approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as of this date (November 2009). The materials will be presented in 3 major groups each containing specific categories: (1) hemostats; mechanical, active, flowable, and fibrin sealant, (2) sealants; fibrin sealant, polyethylene glycol polymer, and albumin and glutaraldehyde, (3) adhesives; cyanoacrylate, albumin and glutaraldehyde, and fibrin sealant. The categories will be used for comparisons based on safety, efficacy, usability, and cost. Recommendations with respect to how and when to best use these materials will be presented. A review of the recent literature is also provided with respect to the most recent uses of these materials in specific surgical specialties.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ofil
                Revista de la OFIL
                Rev. OFIL·ILAPHAR
                Organización de Farmacéuticos Ibero-Latinoamericanos (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1131-9429
                1699-714X
                2021
                : 31
                : 1
                : 79-98
                Affiliations
                [3] Murcia orgnameHospital VIAMED San José orgdiv1Servicio de Farmacia España
                [1] orgnameHospitales VITHAS España
                [2] Cádiz orgnameHospital SAS Jerez de la Frontera orgdiv1Servicio de Farmacia España
                [4] Ciudad Real orgnameHospital General de Tomelloso orgdiv1Servicio de Farmacia España
                [5] Valencia orgnameHospital Intermutual de Levante orgdiv1Servicio de Farmacia España
                Article
                S1699-714X2021000100016 S1699-714X(21)03100100016
                10.4321/s1699-714x20210001000016
                97daaa37-5e81-4b2d-bee3-c89c8578d69d

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 15 January 2020
                : 12 February 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 35, Pages: 20
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Revisión

                pérdida de sangre quirúrgica,Topical haemostatic agents,haemostasis,surgical bleeding,Hemostasia,hemostáticos

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