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      Geriatric Oral Health: A Review Article

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          Abstract

          Oral health is not separate from general health, but maintaining oral health is definitely difficult and different in old age. Even though, few elderly have physical and/or mental situation that call for particular interest in the dental workplace, one should not presume that all elderly community shares these circumstances. In order to achieve health, it is necessary to know few aspects of old age. In due course of old age body tissues get harder, collection of waste products in body cells and loss of lubrication leads to impaired functions of various organs. The design and implementation of comprehensive preventive dentistry protocols for elders presents the dental profession with many challenges. Although a specific protocol must be tailored to meet the unique needs of the individual patient, there are certain factors common to elderly segment of the population that may influence these protocols.

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          Most cited references19

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          Aging and saliva: a review of the literature.

          It is often assumed that salivary secretion reduces with age. About 25% of the elderly suffer from oral dryness and related complaints. Nevertheless, data on stimulated salivary flow rate in healthy elderly revealed no significant age-related decrease other than a slight decrease of the secretion from the (sero)mucous glands under conditions of minimal or extended stimulation. With regard to salivary gland morphology and composition of saliva, age-related changes have been reported in healthy individuals, too. With increasing age, the number of acini reduces and the amount of fatty and fibrous tissue increases. Moreover, animal studies revealed that the synthesis of proteins is reduced by 60% in advanced years. These data indicate that changes might occur in concentration and/or activity of the organic components of saliva. In human studies, the concentration of sIgA in labial saliva and the concentrations of high-molecular and low-molecular mucins in mucous saliva appeared to be reduced with age. Since sIgA and mucins are important in the immunologic and non-immunologic defense of the oral cavity, both defense systems are reduced in healthy elderly. Analysis of these data suggests that the oral soft tissues may become somewhat more susceptible to environmental factors due to a reduction of the immunological and non-immunological defense systems.
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            Oral Health Care Needs in the Dependant Elderly in India

            There is a sudden blast of the “65 plus” population in the last decade, and India is no exception to that. A continuing progress in the medical field has raised the longevity of life. This changing face of population offers the oral professionals to observe unique challenges to treat the rapidly growing segment of the elderly and the dependant overage population— the Homebound residents and the Nursing homebound residents. The old age of the residents is compounded with chronic medical problems they are suffering from and the medications they are taking. This cohort is characteristically different from other elderly due to their dependency to carry even the routine activities such as tooth cleaning which results in increased risk towards the oral ailments. As very few surveys are done regarding the oral health status among this section, the prevalence of oral and dental problems in them is under a cloud. “Dental care at home or at destinations of residents” is yet a novel concept in India, hence not only there is a need to reach to the residents but also to treat them in the holistic manner. The purpose of this paper is to review the existing oral health conditions in the elderly in India.
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              Essential of Preventive and Community Dentistry

                Author and article information

                Journal
                J Int Oral Health
                J Int Oral Health
                JIOH
                Journal of International Oral Health : JIOH
                Dentmedpub Research and Printing Co (India )
                0976-7428
                0976-1799
                Nov-Dec 2014
                : 6
                : 6
                : 110-116
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Professor & Head, Department of Prosthodontics, MES Dental College, Perinthalmanna, Palachode, Malappuram, Kerala, India
                [2 ]Professor & Head, Department of Periodontics, MES Dental College, Perinthalmanna, Palachode, Malappuram, Kerala, India
                [3 ]Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry, MES Dental College, Perinthalmanna, Palachode, Malappuram, Kerala, India
                [4 ]Professor & Head, Department of Pedodontics, MES Dental College, Perinthalmanna, Palachode, Malappuram, Kerala, India
                [5 ]Reader, Department of Prosthodontics, MES Dental College, Perinthalmanna, Palachode, Malappuram, Kerala, India
                [6 ]Reader, Department of Periodontics, MES Dental College, Perinthalmanna, Palachode, Malappuram, Kerala, India.
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Dr. Razak PA. Department of Prosthodontics, MES Dental College, Perinthalmanna, Palachode, Malappuram - 679 338, Kerala, India. Email: drabdulrazcitident@ 123456hotmail.com
                Article
                JIOH-6-110
                4295446
                25628498
                980fd425-d6d8-40be-aa53-248b0410aba8
                Copyright: © J. Int Oral Health

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 16 August 2014
                : 20 August 2014
                Categories
                Review Articles

                elderly,home dentistry,oral health,tooth loss
                elderly, home dentistry, oral health, tooth loss

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