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      Investigation of Fusion between Nanosized Lipid Vesicles and a Lipid Monolayer Toward Formation of Giant Lipid Vesicles with Various Kinds of Biomolecules

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          Abstract

          We determined the properties of fusion between large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) and the lipid monolayer by measuring the fluorescence intensity of rhodamine-conjugated phospholipids in cell-sized lipid vesicles. The charge of LUVs (containing cationic lipids) and lipid droplets (containing anionic lipids) promoted lipid membrane fusion. We also investigated the formation of cell-sized lipid vesicles with asymmetric lipid distribution using this fusion method. Moreover, cell-sized asymmetric ganglioside vesicles can be generated from the planar lipid bilayer formed at the interface between the lipid droplets with/without LUVs containing ganglioside. The flip-flop dynamics of ganglioside were observed on the asymmetric ganglioside vesicles. This fusion method can be used to form asymmetric lipid vesicles with poor solubility in n-decane or lipid vesicles containing various types of membrane proteins for the development of complex artificial cell models.

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          Most cited references28

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          Liposomal drug delivery systems: from concept to clinical applications.

          Theresa Allen, Pieter R. Cullis (2013)
          The first closed bilayer phospholipid systems, called liposomes, were described in 1965 and soon were proposed as drug delivery systems. The pioneering work of countless liposome researchers over almost 5 decades led to the development of important technical advances such as remote drug loading, extrusion for homogeneous size, long-circulating (PEGylated) liposomes, triggered release liposomes, liposomes containing nucleic acid polymers, ligand-targeted liposomes and liposomes containing combinations of drugs. These advances have led to numerous clinical trials in such diverse areas as the delivery of anti-cancer, anti-fungal and antibiotic drugs, the delivery of gene medicines, and the delivery of anesthetics and anti-inflammatory drugs. A number of liposomes (lipidic nanoparticles) are on the market, and many more are in the pipeline. Lipidic nanoparticles are the first nanomedicine delivery system to make the transition from concept to clinical application, and they are now an established technology platform with considerable clinical acceptance. We can look forward to many more clinical products in the future. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
          Article 0 comments Cited 632 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            A tissue-like printed material.

            H Bayley, A. Graham, G. Villar (2013)
            Living cells communicate and cooperate to produce the emergent properties of tissues. Synthetic mimics of cells, such as liposomes, are typically incapable of cooperation and therefore cannot readily display sophisticated collective behavior. We printed tens of thousands of picoliter aqueous droplets that become joined by single lipid bilayers to form a cohesive material with cooperating compartments. Three-dimensional structures can be built with heterologous droplets in software-defined arrangements. The droplet networks can be functionalized with membrane proteins; for example, to allow rapid electrical communication along a specific path. The networks can also be programmed by osmolarity gradients to fold into otherwise unattainable designed structures. Printed droplet networks might be interfaced with tissues, used as tissue engineering substrates, or developed as mimics of living tissue.
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              Giant vesicles: preparations and applications.

              Pasquale Stano, Katia Cosentino, H. Engel … (2010)
              There is considerable interest in preparing cell-sized giant unilamellar vesicles from natural or nonnatural amphiphiles because a giant vesicle membrane resembles the self-closed lipid matrix of the plasma membrane of all biological cells. Currently, giant vesicles are applied to investigate certain aspects of biomembranes. Examples include lateral lipid heterogeneities, membrane budding and fission, activities of reconstituted membrane proteins, or membrane permeabilization caused by added chemical compounds. One of the challenging applications of giant vesicles include gene expressions inside the vesicles with the ultimate goal of constructing a dynamic artificial cell-like system that is endowed with all those essential features of living cells that distinguish them from the nonliving form of matter. Although this goal still seems to be far away and currently difficult to reach, it is expected that progress in this and other fields of giant vesicle research strongly depend on whether reliable methods for the reproducible preparation of giant vesicles are available. The key concepts of currently known methods for preparing giant unilamellar vesicles are summarized, and advantages and disadvantages of the main methods are compared and critically discussed.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Ryuji Kawano: Role: Academic Editor
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Micromachines (Basel)
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Micromachines (Basel)
                Journal ID (publisher-id): micromachines
                Title: Micromachines
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 2072-666X
                Publication date (Electronic): 26 January 2021
                Publication date Collection: February 2021
                Volume: 12
                Issue: 2
                Electronic Location Identifier: 133
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Division of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan; t201a006@ 123456gunma-u.ac.jp
                [2 ]Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan; t170a072@ 123456gunma-u.ac.jp
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: kamiya@ 123456gunma-u.ac.jp ; Tel./Fax: +81-277-30-1342
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9143-9841
                Article
                Publisher ID: micromachines-12-00133
                DOI: 10.3390/mi12020133
                PMC ID: 7911008
                PubMed ID: 33530580
                SO-VID: 98530f0b-6915-4c19-96f1-0695b6094709
                Copyright © © 2021 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 06 January 2021
                Date accepted : 23 January 2021
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                Keywords: artificial cell membrane,giant lipid vesicles,vesicle fusion,asymmetric lipid bilayer,microfluidic device
                Data availability:
                Keywords: artificial cell membrane, giant lipid vesicles, vesicle fusion, asymmetric lipid bilayer, microfluidic device

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