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      Burnout and Depression: Two Entities or One?

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          Abstract

          The purpose of this study was to examine the overlap in burnout and depression.

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          Most cited references43

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          Early predictors of job burnout and engagement.

          Christina Maslach, Michael Leiter (2008)
          A longitudinal study predicted changes in burnout or engagement a year later by identifying 2 types of early indicators at the initial assessment. Organizational employees (N = 466) completed measures of burnout and 6 areas of worklife at 2 times with a 1-year interval. Those people who showed an inconsistent pattern at Time 1 were more likely to change over the year than were those who did not. Among this group, those who also displayed a workplace incongruity in the area of fairness moved to burnout at Time 2, while those without this incongruity moved toward engagement. The implications of these 2 predictive indicators are discussed in terms of the enhanced ability to customize interventions for targeted groups within the workplace. PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved.
          Article 0 comments Cited 530 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Sources of social support and burnout: a meta-analytic test of the conservation of resources model.

            Jonathon Halbesleben (2006)
            The Conservation of Resources (COR) model of burnout (Hobfoll & Freedy, 1993) suggests that resources are differentially related to burnout dimensions. In this paper, I provide a meta-analysis of the social support and burnout literature, finding that social support, as a resource, did not yield different relationships across the 3 burnout dimensions (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment), challenging the COR model. However, when considering the source of the social support (work vs. nonwork) as a moderator, I found that work-related sources of social support, because of their more direct relationship to work demands, were more closely associated with exhaustion than depersonalization or personal accomplishment; the opposite pattern was found with nonwork sources of support. I discuss the implications of this finding in relation to the COR model and suggest future research directions to clarify the relationship between resources and burnout dimensions. (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved
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              Burnout prevention: a review of intervention programs.

              Wendy Awa, Martina Plaumann, Ulla Walter (2010)
              To evaluate the effectiveness of intervention programs at the workplace or elsewhere aimed at preventing burnout, a leading cause of work related mental health impairment. A systematic search of burnout intervention studies was conducted in the databases Medline, PsycINFO and PSYNDEX from 1995 to 2007. Data was also extracted from papers found through a hand search. A total of 25 primary intervention studies were reviewed. Seventeen (68%) were person-directed interventions, 2 (8%) were organization-directed and 6 (24%) were a combination of both interventions types. Eighty percent of all programs led to a reduction in burnout. Person-directed interventions reduced burnout in the short term (6 months or less), while a combination of both person- and organization-directed interventions had longer lasting positive effects (12 months and over). In all cases, positive intervention effects diminished in the course of time. Intervention programs against burnout are beneficial and can be enhanced with refresher courses. Better implemented programs including both person- and organization-directed measures should be offered and evaluated. A combination of both intervention types should be further investigated, optimized and practiced. Institutions should recognize the need for and make burnout intervention programs available to employees. Copyright 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Clin Psychol
                Title: Journal of clinical psychology
                Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
                ISSN (Electronic): 1097-4679
                ISSN (Print): 0021-9762
                Publication date (Electronic): Jan 2016
                Volume: 72
                Issue: 1
                Affiliations
                [1 ] The City College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York.
                [2 ] Institute of Work and Organizational Psychology, University of Neuchâtel.
                Article
                DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22229
                PubMed ID: 26451877
                SO-VID: 985e9c7c-6fe7-452e-8af5-fdf531d06e99
                History

                Keywords: burnout,depression,depressive symptoms,job adversity,occupational stress,social support
                Data availability:
                Keywords: burnout, depression, depressive symptoms, job adversity, occupational stress, social support

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