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      Advancing environmental public health in Latin America and the Caribbean Translated title: Fomentar la salud pública medioambiental en América Latina y el Caribe Translated title: Promoção da saúde pública ambiental na América Latina e no Caribe

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          ABSTRACT

          This paper highlights the important leadership role of the public health sector, working with other governmental sectors and nongovernmental entities, to advance environmental public health in Latin America and the Caribbean toward the achievement of 2030 Sustainable Development Goal 3: Health and Well-Being. The most pressing current and future environmental public health threats are discussed, followed by a brief review of major historical and current international and regional efforts to address these concerns. The paper concludes with a discussion of three major components of a regional environmental public health agenda that responsible parties can undertake to make significant progress toward ensuring the health and well-being of all people throughout Latin America and the Caribbean.

          RESUMEN

          En este artículo se destaca el importante papel de liderazgo que tiene el sector de la salud pública, en colaboración con otros sectores gubernamentales y entidades no gubernamentales, en el fomento de la salud pública medioambiental en América Latina y el Caribe con el fin de alcanzar para el 2030 el Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible número 3: salud y bienestar. Se abordan las amenazas de salud pública medioambiental actuales y futuras más urgentes, y se presenta una breve revisión de las principales medidas históricas y actuales adoptadas a nivel regional e internacional para abordar estas cuestiones. El artículo finaliza con un análisis de los tres principales componentes de un programa regional de salud pública ambiental que las partes responsables pueden ejecutar para realizar progresos significativos en la garantía de la salud y el bienestar de todos en América Latina y el Caribe.

          RESUMO

          Este artigo destaca o importante papel de liderança do setor de saúde pública, trabalhando com outros setores governamentais e entidades não governamentais, para promover a saúde pública ambiental na América Latina e no Caribe a fim de atingir o Objetivo de Desenvolvimento Sustentável 3 para 2030: Saúde e Bem-Estar. São discutidas as ameaças ambientais mais urgentes para a saúde pública, atuais e futuras, seguidas por uma breve revisão dos principais esforços históricos e atuais, internacionais e regionais, para abordar essas preocupações. O artigo conclui com uma discussão de três componentes essenciais de uma agenda regional de saúde pública ambiental que as partes responsáveis podem adotar para avançar significativamente no sentido de garantir a saúde e o bem-estar de todas as pessoas na América Latina e no Caribe.

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          Most cited references47

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          The Lancet Commission on pollution and health

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            The 2020 report of The Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: responding to converging crises

            For the Chinese, French, German, and Spanish translations of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
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              Social determinants of health, universal health coverage, and sustainable development: case studies from Latin American countries.

              Many intrinsically related determinants of health and disease exist, including social and economic status, education, employment, housing, and physical and environmental exposures. These factors interact to cumulatively affect health and disease burden of individuals and populations, and to establish health inequities and disparities across and within countries. Biomedical models of health care decrease adverse consequences of disease, but are not enough to effectively improve individual and population health and advance health equity. Social determinants of health are especially important in Latin American countries, which are characterised by adverse colonial legacies, tremendous social injustice, huge socioeconomic disparities, and wide health inequities. Poverty and inequality worsened substantially in the 1980s, 1990s, and early 2000s in these countries. Many Latin American countries have introduced public policies that integrate health, social, and economic actions, and have sought to develop health systems that incorporate multisectoral interventions when introducing universal health coverage to improve health and its upstream determinants. We present case studies from four Latin American countries to show the design and implementation of health programmes underpinned by intersectoral action and social participation that have reached national scale to effectively address social determinants of health, improve health outcomes, and reduce health inequities. Investment in managerial and political capacity, strong political and managerial commitment, and state programmes, not just time-limited government actions, have been crucial in underpinning the success of these policies.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Rev Panam Salud Publica
                Rev Panam Salud Publica
                rpsp
                Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública
                Organización Panamericana de la Salud
                1020-4989
                1680-5348
                16 September 2021
                2021
                : 45
                : e118
                Affiliations
                [1 ] normalizedPan American Health Organization Washington, D.C. United States of America originalPan American Health Organization, Washington, D.C., United States of America
                [2 ] normalizedPAHO Climate Change and Environmental Determinants of Health Technical Advisory Group Virginia United States of America originalPAHO Climate Change and Environmental Determinants of Health Technical Advisory Group, Virginia, United States of America
                Author notes
                Article
                RPSP.2021.118
                10.26633/RPSP.2021.118
                8442713
                987eedb4-040c-48ea-94dd-a0661592b802

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. No modifications or commercial use of this article are permitted. In any reproduction of this article there should not be any suggestion that PAHO or this article endorse any specific organization or products. The use of the PAHO logo is not permitted. This notice should be preserved along with the article’s original URL. Open access logo and text by PLoS, under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license.

                History
                : 24 February 2021
                : 17 May 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 3, Tables: 2, Equations: 0, References: 47
                Categories
                Special Report

                climate change,environmental health,environment and public health,health equity,health policy,sustainable development,americas,cambio climático,salud ambiental,medio ambiente y salud pública,equidad en salud,política de salud,desarrollo sostenible,américas,mudança climática,saúde ambiental,meio ambiente e saúde pública,equidade em saúde,política de saúde,desenvolvimento sustentável,américa

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