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      Do I feel ill because I crave for work or do I crave for work because I feel ill? A longitudinal analysis of work craving, self-regulation, and health

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          Abstract

          Background

          The theory of work craving defines workaholism as a pathological work addiction which comprises: (a) obsessive–compulsive desire to work, (b) anticipation of self-worth compensatory incentives from working, (c) anticipation of reduction of negative emotions or withdrawal symptoms from working, and (d) neurotic perfectionism. Research has shown that workaholism is associated with adverse health outcomes. However, the antecedents of workaholism and the causal direction of the relationship with health have been largely neglected.

          Aims

          In the present longitudinal study, we expect that work craving is predicted by deficits in emotional self-regulation (i.e., low action orientation) and mediates the relationship between self-regulation deficits and symptoms of psychological distress. We expected work craving to have an effect on later psychological distress symptoms, but not psychological distress symptoms to have an effect on later work craving.

          Methods

          In a sample of 170 German employees, a half-longitudinal design using two times of measurement was implemented to specify the paths of two different structural equation models of mediation: (a) action orientation to later work craving and work craving to later psychological distress, and alternatively, (b) the temporal order of action orientation to later distress and distress to later work craving.

          Results

          Our data indicated that work craving partially mediated the relationship between self-regulation deficits and psychological distress, but psychological distress symptoms were not found to increase later work craving.

          Conclusions

          The presented longitudinal study indicates important mechanisms of work craving, especially by highlighting the influence of self-regulation deficits on work craving and, in turn, psychological distress.

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          Most cited references69

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                jba
                2006
                Journal of Behavioral Addictions
                J Behav Addict
                Akadémiai Kiadó (Budapest )
                2062-5871
                2063-5303
                March 2016
                : 5
                : 1
                : 90-99
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Institute of Psychology , Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
                [2 ]Department of Psychology, University of Trier , Trier, Germany
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding authors: Kamila Wojdylo; Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-378 Warszawa, Jaracza 1; E-mail: kamila.wojdylo@ 123456psych.pan.pl ; Nicola Baumann; Differential Psychology, Personality Psychology, and Diagnostics, Department I, University of Trier, 54286 Trier, Germany; E-mail: nicola.baumann@ 123456uni-trier.de
                Article
                10.1556/2006.5.2016.005
                28092192
                9894ee4c-65ef-417c-ab0b-1a3791f4e470
                © 2016 Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium for non-commercial purposes, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 29 June 2015
                : 19 November 2015
                : 25 December 2015
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 2, Equations: 0, References: 73, Pages: 34
                Funding
                Funding sources: This project was supported by the Polish National Science Centre Grant (DEC/2011/01/M/HS6/02567).
                Categories
                Full-Length Report

                Medicine,Psychology,Social & Behavioral Sciences,Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                health,workaholism,work craving,action orientation,work addiction

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