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      Knowledge and awareness of hepatitis B among households in Malaysia: a community-based cross-sectional survey

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          Abstract

          Background

          Hepatitis B (HepB) is a major public health concern in Malaysia yet little is known about knowledge and awareness of this infection in the country. Such information is essential for designing effective intervention strategies for HepB prevention and control. The aim of this study was to characterize knowledge and awareness regarding HepB in Malaysia and to identify their associated sociodemographic determinants.

          Methods

          A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted between January and May 2016 in Selangor state of Malaysia. A two-stage cluster random sampling design was used and one adult member of selected households was interviewed face-to-face. Logistic regression was used to estimate the differences in knowledge and awareness between groups.

          Results

          A total of 764 households completed the interviews and were included in the final analysis. Only 36.9 and 38.8% of the participants had good knowledge and awareness, respectively. The factors associated with good knowledge were being in the 35–44 year age group, Malay ethnicity, high educational attainment and high family income. Being Chinese, being older and having high educational attainment were determinants of having good awareness towards HepB. Participants who had good knowledge were 2.5 times more likely to also have good awareness (OR: 2.41, 95% CI: 1.78–3.26, p < 0.001).

          Conclusions

          This study reveals a low level of knowledge and awareness of HepB among households in Malaysia. This finding highlights the need to improve public knowledge and awareness through well-designed programs targeting vulnerable groups in order to reduce hepatitis B virus transmission and achieve the governmental target of eliminating viral hepatitis as a public health concern by 2030.

          Electronic supplementary material

          The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-018-6375-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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          Most cited references32

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          Sample size requirements for estimating pearson, kendall and spearman correlations

          Douglas Bonett, Thomas Wright (2000)
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            Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding Dengue Fever among the Healthy Population of Highland and Lowland Communities in Central Nepal

            Meghnath Dhimal, Krishna Aryal, Mandira Dhimal … (2014)
            Background Dengue fever (DF) is the most rapidly spreading mosquito-borne viral disease in the world. In this decade it has expanded to new countries and from urban to rural areas. Nepal was regarded DF free until 2004. Since then dengue virus (DENV) has rapidly expanded its range even in mountain regions of Nepal, and major outbreaks occurred in 2006 and 2010. However, no data on the local knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of DF in Nepal exist although such information is required for prevention and control measures. Methods We conducted a community based cross-sectional survey in five districts of central Nepal between September 2011 and February 2012. We collected information on the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants and their knowledge, attitude and practice regarding DF using a structured questionnaire. We then statistically compared highland and lowland communities to identify possible causes of observed differences. Principal Findings Out of 589 individuals interviewed, 77% had heard of DF. Only 12% of the sample had good knowledge of DF. Those living in the lowlands were five times more likely to possess good knowledge than highlanders (P<0.001). Despite low knowledge levels, 83% of the people had good attitude and 37% reported good practice. We found a significantly positive correlation among knowledge, attitude and practice (P<0.001). Among the socio-demographic variables, the education level of the participants was an independent predictor of practice level (P<0.05), and education level and interaction between the sex and age group of the participants were independent predictors of attitude level (P<0.05). Conclusion Despite the rapid expansion of DENV in Nepal, the knowledge of people about DF was very low. Therefore, massive awareness programmes are urgently required to protect the health of people from DF and to limit its further spread in this country.
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              Survey of hepatitis B knowledge and stigma among chronically infected patients and uninfected persons in Beijing, China.

              Andy Lin, Lai Wei, Anna Lok … (2016)
              Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection carries substantial stigma in China. We surveyed HBV knowledge and stigma among chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients and persons without HBV infection in Beijing, China.
              Article 0 comments Cited 35 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Yogambigai Rajamoorthy:
                ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3222-4346
                603 9086 0288 , yogambigai@utar.edu.my
                Niazlin Mohd Taib: niazlin@upm.edu.my
                Subramaniam Munusamy: subramaniam.munusamy@miu.edu.my
                Samsul Anwar: s4m_seupeng@yahoo.co.id
                Abram Luther Wagner: awag@umich.edu
                Mudatsir Mudatsir: +62 (0) 651 7551843 , mudatsir@unsyiah.ac.id
                Ruth Müller: ruth.mueller@med.uni-frankfurt.de
                Ulrich Kuch: kuch@med.uni-frankfurt.de
                David Alexander Groneberg: arbsozmed@uni-frankfurt.de
                Harapan Harapan: +62 (0) 651 7551843 , harapan@unsyiah.ac.id
                Aye Aye Khin: ayekhin@utar.edu.my
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMC Public Health
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMC Public Health
                Title: BMC Public Health
                Publisher: BioMed Central (London )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1471-2458
                Publication date (Electronic): 10 January 2019
                Publication date PMC-release: 10 January 2019
                Publication date Collection: 2019
                Volume: 19
                Electronic Location Identifier: 47
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1798 283X, GRID grid.412261.2, Department of Economics, Faculty of Accountancy and Management, , Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, ; Sungai Long Campus, Jalan Sungai Long, Cheras, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Malaysia
                [2 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2231 800X, GRID grid.11142.37, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, , Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, ; Selangor, Malaysia
                [3 ]School of Management and Business, Manipal International University, Putra Nilai, Negeri Sembilan Malaysia
                [4 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1759 6066, GRID grid.440768.9, Department of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, , Universitas Syiah Kuala, ; Banda Aceh, Indonesia
                [5 ]ISNI 0000000086837370, GRID grid.214458.e, Department of Epidemiology, , University of Michigan, ; Ann Arbor, MI USA
                [6 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1759 6066, GRID grid.440768.9, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, , Universitas Syiah Kuala, ; Banda Aceh, Indonesia
                [7 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1759 6066, GRID grid.440768.9, Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, , Universitas Syiah Kuala, ; Jl. T. Tanoeh Abe, Darussalam, Banda Aceh, 23111 Indonesia
                [8 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1759 6066, GRID grid.440768.9, Tropical Disease Centre, School of Medicine, , Universitas Syiah Kuala, ; Banda Aceh, Indonesia
                [9 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1936 9721, GRID grid.7839.5, Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, , Goethe University, ; Frankfurt am Main, Germany
                [10 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2153 5088, GRID grid.11505.30, Unit of Medical Entomology, , Institute of Tropical Medicine, ; Antwerp, Belgium
                [11 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1936 7910, GRID grid.1012.2, School of Biomedical Sciences, , University of Western Australia, ; Nedlands, Western Australia Australia
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3222-4346
                Article
                Publisher ID: 6375
                DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-6375-8
                PMC ID: 6327400
                PubMed ID: 30630464
                SO-VID: 989c1412-56d2-4a75-9d48-4326c9814b3e
                Copyright © © The Author(s). 2019
                License:

                Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

                History
                Date received : 2 July 2018
                Date accepted : 27 December 2018
                Funding
                Funded by: Fundamental Research Grant(FRGS)
                Award ID: FRGS-5524635
                Funded by: UPM Putra Grant
                Award ID: 9520900
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © The Author(s) 2019

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Public health
                Keywords: hepatitis b,knowledge,awareness,hepatitis b vaccination,hepatitis b infection
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Public health
                Keywords: hepatitis b, knowledge, awareness, hepatitis b vaccination, hepatitis b infection

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