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      High-Wattage Pulsed Irradiation of Linearly Polarized Near-Infrared Light to Stellate Ganglion Area for Burning Mouth Syndrome

      case-report

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          Abstract

          The purpose of this study was to apply high-wattage pulsed irradiation of linearly polarized near-infrared light to the stellate ganglion area for burning mouth syndrome (BMS) and to assess the efficacy of the stellate ganglion area irradiation (SGR) on BMS using differential time-/frequency-domain parameters (D parameters). Three patients with BMS received high-wattage pulsed SGR; the response to SGR was evaluated by visual analogue scale (VAS) representing the intensity of glossalgia and D parameters used in heart rate variability analysis. High-wattage pulsed SGR significantly decreased the mean value of VAS in all cases without any adverse event such as thermal injury. D parameters mostly correlated with clinical condition of BMS. High-wattage pulsed SGR was safe and effective for the treatment of BMS; D parameters are useful for assessing efficacy of SGR on BMS.

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          Sympathovagal balance: a critical appraisal.

          D L Eckberg (1997)
          Article 0 comments Cited 112 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Sympathovagal Balance: A Critical Appraisal

            Dwain Eckberg (1997)
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              Autonomic responses to heat pain: Heart rate, skin conductance, and their relation to verbal ratings and stimulus intensity.

              Marco Loggia, Mylène Juneau, Catherine Bushnell (2011)
              In human pain experiments, as well as in clinical settings, subjects are often asked to assess pain using scales (eg, numeric rating scales). Although most subjects have little difficulty in using these tools, some lack the necessary basic cognitive or motor skills (eg, paralyzed patients). Thus, the identification of appropriate nonverbal measures of pain has significant clinical relevance. In this study, we assessed heart rate (HR), skin conductance (SC), and verbal ratings in 39 healthy male subjects during the application of twelve 6-s heat stimuli of different intensities on the subjects' left forearm. Both HR and SC increased with more intense painful stimulation. However, HR but not SC, significantly correlated with pain ratings at the group level, suggesting that HR may be a better predictor of between-subject differences in pain than is SC. Conversely, changes in SC better predicted variations in ratings within a given individual, suggesting that it is more sensitive to relative changes in perception. The differences in findings derived from between- and within-subject analyses may result from greater within-subject variability in HR. We conclude that at least for male subjects, HR provides a better predictor of pain perception than SC, but that data should be averaged over several stimulus presentations to achieve consistent results. Nevertheless, variability among studies, and the indication that gender of both the subject and experimenter could influence autonomic results, lead us to advise caution in using autonomic or any other surrogate measures to infer pain in individuals who cannot adequately report their perception. Skin conductance is more sensitive to detect within-subject perceptual changes, but heart rate appears to better predict pain ratings at the group level. Copyright © 2010 International Association for the Study of Pain. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
              Article 0 comments Cited 65 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Case Rep Dent
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Case Rep Dent
                Journal ID (publisher-id): CRID
                Title: Case Reports in Dentistry
                Publisher: Hindawi Publishing Corporation
                ISSN (Print): 2090-6447
                ISSN (Electronic): 2090-6455
                Publication date (Print): 2014
                Publication date (Electronic): 19 October 2014
                Volume: 2014
                Electronic Location Identifier: 171657
                Affiliations
                1Department of Oral Medicine, Institute of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate Faculty of Dentistry, Kuramoto 3-18-15, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
                2Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Institute of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate Faculty of Dentistry, Kuramoto 3-18-15, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
                Author notes

                Academic Editor: Vlaho Brailo

                Article
                DOI: 10.1155/2014/171657
                PMC ID: 4216686
                PubMed ID: 25386367
                SO-VID: 98ad2429-a1d7-45d5-9f45-672432756bb3
                Copyright © Copyright © 2014 Yukihiro Momota et al.
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 24 August 2014
                Date accepted : 6 October 2014
                Categories
                Subject: Case Report

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Dentistry
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Dentistry

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