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      Body image distortion in fifth and sixth grade students may lead to stress, depression, and undesirable dieting behavior

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          Abstract

          The widespread pursuit of a thin physique may have a detrimental impact on the wellbeing of preadolescents. The influence of body image distortions on the lifestyles, dieting behaviors, and psychological factors was investigated in 631 fifth and sixth grade children in Kyeonggi-do, Korea. Children were classified into three weight groups (underweight, normal, and overweight) and three perception groups (underestimation, normal, and overestimation). Necessary information was obtained by questionnaire, and each subject's weight status was determined by the Röhrer index calculated from the annual measurement records, which were obtained from the school. According to their current weights, 57.4% of children were normal and 32.2% were overweight or obese, 16.6% of the children overestimated their body weight, and 55.2% had an undistorted body image. Overweight children had desirable lifestyles and dietary habits and presented reasonable weight control behaviors. Compared to those without distortion, the overestimated group had greater interest in weight control ( P = 0.003) and dissatisfaction with their body weights ( P = 0.011), presented unhealthy reasons to lose weight ( P = 0.026), and had higher scores for "feeling sad when comparing own body with others" ( P = 0.000) and for "easily getting annoyed and tired" ( P = 0.037), even though they had similar obesity indices. More subjects from the overestimation group ( P = 0.006) chose drama/movies as their favorite TV programs, suggesting a possible role for the media in body image distortion. These findings suggest that body image distortion can lead preadolescents to develop stress about obesity and unhealthy dieting practices, despite similar obesity indices to those without distorted body images. These results emphasize the importance of having an undistorted body image.

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          The impact of exposure to the thin-ideal media image on women.

          The purpose of this study was to experimentally examine the effects of exposure to the thin-ideal body image on women's affect, self-esteem, body satisfaction, eating disorder symptoms, and level of internalization of the thin-ideal. College women (N=145) were randomly exposed to photographs from popular magazines containing either thin-ideal images or neutral images. Exposure to thin-ideal magazine images increased body dissatisfaction, negative mood states, and eating disorder symptoms and decreased self-esteem, although it did not cause more internalization of the thin-ideal. Exposure to thin-ideal media images may contribute to the development of eating disorders by causing body dissatisfaction, negative moods, low self-esteem, and eating disorders symptoms among women.
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            The association between weight perception and BMI among high school students.

            To assess the association between weight perception and BMI among a large, diverse sample of adolescents. This study used both measured and self-reported height and weight to calculate BMI. A convenience sample of students (n = 2032) in grades 9 through 12 completed a questionnaire assessing demographic characteristics, self-reported height and weight, and body weight perception. These students were then weighed and had their height measured using a standard protocol. Using BMI calculated from measured height and weight, 1.5% of students were classified as underweight or at risk for underweight, 51.2% of students were normal weight, and 47.4% were overweight or at risk for overweight. Among this same sample of students, however, 34.8% perceived themselves as underweight, 42.9% perceived themselves as about the right weight, and 22.3% perceived themselves as overweight. Even when using BMI calculated from self-reported height and weight, >20% of students who were overweight or at risk for overweight perceived themselves as underweight. Because perception of overweight is a key determinant of adolescent nutritional habits and weight management, many students who are overweight or at risk for overweight but who do not perceive themselves as such are unlikely to engage in weight control practices. Increasing awareness of medical definitions of overweight might improve accuracy of weight perceptions and lead to healthier eating and increased physical activity.
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              The key to unlocking the virtual body: virtual reality in the treatment of obesity and eating disorders.

              Obesity and eating disorders are usually considered unrelated problems with different causes. However, various studies identify unhealthful weight-control behaviors (fasting, vomiting, or laxative abuse), induced by a negative experience of the body, as the common antecedents of both obesity and eating disorders. But how might negative body image--common to most adolescents, not only to medical patients--be behind the development of obesity and eating disorders? In this paper, I review the "allocentric lock theory" of negative body image as the possible antecedent of both obesity and eating disorders. Evidence from psychology and neuroscience indicates that our bodily experience involves the integration of different sensory inputs within two different reference frames: egocentric (first-person experience) and allocentric (third-person experience). Even though functional relations between these two frames are usually limited, they influence each other during the interaction between long- and short-term memory processes in spatial cognition. If this process is impaired either through exogenous (e.g., stress) or endogenous causes, the egocentric sensory inputs are unable to update the contents of the stored allocentric representation of the body. In other words, these patients are locked in an allocentric (observer view) negative image of their body, which their sensory inputs are no longer able to update even after a demanding diet and a significant weight loss. This article discusses the possible role of virtual reality in addressing this problem within an integrated treatment approach based on the allocentric lock theory. © 2011 Diabetes Technology Society.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Nutr Res Pract
                Nutr Res Pract
                NRP
                Nutrition Research and Practice
                The Korean Nutrition Society and the Korean Society of Community Nutrition
                1976-1457
                2005-6168
                April 2012
                30 April 2012
                : 6
                : 2
                : 175-181
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Graduate School of Nutrition Education, Daejin University, Gyeonggi 487-711, Korea.
                [2 ]Department of Food and Nutrition and Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National Uiversity, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
                [3 ]Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 139-774, Korea.
                [4 ]Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Daejin University, 11-1 Sundan-dong, Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi 487-711, Korea.
                Author notes
                Corresponding Author: Hong Mie Lee, Tel. 82-31-539-1862, Fax. 82-31-539-1860, hmlee@ 123456daejin.ac.kr
                Article
                10.4162/nrp.2012.6.2.175
                3349041
                22586508
                98b5166c-0017-4608-ad34-5205244744e1
                ©2012 The Korean Nutrition Society and the Korean Society of Community Nutrition

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 22 January 2012
                : 07 March 2012
                : 07 March 2012
                Categories
                Original Research

                Nutrition & Dietetics
                body image,depression,dietary habit,obesity stress,preadolescents
                Nutrition & Dietetics
                body image, depression, dietary habit, obesity stress, preadolescents

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