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      Estudios preliminares de las características espermáticas y de criopreservación del coral formador de arrecifes Orbicella faveolata. Translated title: Preliminary studies of sperm traits and cryopreservation of the Caribbean reef building coral Orbicella Faveolata

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN La criopreservación ha sido recientemente aplicada a gametos y tejidos coralinos obteniendo resultados exitosos que pueden ser utilizados para la conservación y la restauración de arrecifes de coral. En este artículo, se determinó la morfología espermática del coral Orbicella faveolata y la viabilidad de la criopreservación del esperma utilizando una combinación de crioprotectores intracelulares (1,2-Propadiol) y extracelulares (leche) en dos tratamientos de congelación durante 24 h. Los espermatozoides maduros tienen una cabeza con forma triangular de 4.10 ± 0.69 µm (promedio ± DS) y un flagelo largo ( 43.24 ± 7 .99 µ m). El esperma fresco permanece viable y motil por más de cinco horas después de ser liberado de las bolsas gaméticas. Todos los componentes evaluados después de descongelado el esperma (morfología, motilidad y viabilidad) no mostraron diferencias significativas con el esperma fresco. Este estudio es el primer registro de criopreservación para el esperma de O. faveolata; sin embargo, es necesario realizar más investigaciones con el fin de incrementar el éxito del protocolo de criopreservación para que este pueda ser aplicado a mayor escala.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Cryopreservation has been recently applied to coral gametes and tissue with successful results that can be applied for different purposes on coral conservation and restoration. In this study, we decided to determine the sperm morphology of the coral Orbicella faveolata and assess the feasibility of sperm cryopreservation using a combination of intracellular (1,2-Propadiol) and extracellular (milk) cryoprotectants, and two frozen treatments for 24 h. Mature spermatozoa had a triangular-like head shape measuring 4.10 ± 0.69 µm (mean ± SD) and long flagellum (43.24 ± 7.99 µm). Fresh sperm remained viable and mobile for more than five hours after being released from the gamete bundles. After cryopreservation, all post-thaw sperm components assessed (morphology, motility and viability) showed no difference in contrast to fresh sperm. This study is the first report of cryopreservation of O. faveolata sperm, however further research is needed to increase the success of the cryopreservation protocol for broad-scale application.

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          Diversity in tropical rain forests and coral reefs.

          The commonly observed high diversity of trees in tropical rain forests and corals on tropical reefs is a nonequilibrium state which, if not disturbed further, will progress toward a low-diversity equilibrium community. This may not happen if gradual changes in climate favor different species. If equilibrium is reached, a lesser degree of diversity may be sustained by niche diversification or by a compensatory mortality that favors inferior competitors. However, tropical forests and reefs are subject to severe disturbances often enough that equilibrium may never be attained.
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            Dynamic fragility of oceanic coral reef ecosystems.

            As one of the most diverse and productive ecosystems known, and one of the first ecosystems to exhibit major climate-warming impacts (coral bleaching), coral reefs have drawn much scientific attention to what may prove to be their Achilles heel, the thermal sensitivity of reef-building corals. Here we show that climate change-driven loss of live coral, and ultimately structural complexity, in the Seychelles results in local extinctions, substantial reductions in species richness, reduced taxonomic distinctness, and a loss of species within key functional groups of reef fish. The importance of deteriorating physical structure to these patterns demonstrates the longer-term impacts of bleaching on reefs and raises questions over the potential for recovery. We suggest that isolated reef systems may be more susceptible to climate change, despite escaping many of the stressors impacting continental reefs.
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              Conservation of coral reefs through active restoration measures: recent approaches and last decade progress.

              The scientific discipline of active restoration of denuded coral reef areas has drawn much attention in the past decade as it became evident that this ecosystem does not often recover naturally from anthropogenic stress without manipulation. Essentially, the choices are eitherthe continuous degradation of the reefs or active restoration to encourage reef development. As a result, worldwide restoration operations during the past decade have been recognized as being a major tool for reef rehabilitation. This situation has also stirred discussions and debates on the various restoration measures suggested as management options, supplementary to the traditional conservation acts. The present essay reviews past decade's (1994-2004) approaches and advances in coral reef restoration. While direct coral transplantation is still the primer vehicle of operations used, the concept of in situ and ex situ coral nurseries (the gardening concept), where coral materials (nubbins, branches, spats) are maricultured to a size suitable for transplantation, has been gaining recognition. The use of nubbins (down to the size of a single or few polyps) has been suggested and employed as a unique technique for mass production of coral colonies. Restoration of ship grounding sites and the use of artificial reefs have become common tools for specific restoration needs. Substrate stabilization, 3-D structural consideration of developing colonies, and the use of molecular/biochemical tools are part of novel technology approaches developed in the past decade. Economic considerations for reef restoration have become an important avenue for evaluating success of restoration activities. It has been suggested that landscape restoration and restoration genetics are important issues to be studied. In the future, as coral reef restoration may become the dominant conservation act, there would be the need not only to develop improved protocols but also to define the conceptual bases.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                mar
                Boletín de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras - INVEMAR
                Bol. Invest. Mar. Cost.
                INSTITUTO DE INVESTIGACIONES MARINAS Y COSTERAS "JOSE BENITO VIVES DE ANDRÉIS" (INVEMAR); INSTITUTO DE INVESTIGACIONES MARINAS Y COSTERAS -JOSE BENITO VIVES DE ANDRÉIS- (INVEMAR) (Santa Marta, Magdalena, Colombia )
                0122-9761
                December 2018
                : 47
                : 2
                : 25-36
                Affiliations
                [1] orgnameInstituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras Jose Benito Vives de “Andrés”- INVEMAR
                [2] orgnameFundación para la Investigación y Conservación Biológica Marina - Ecomares Colombia valeria.pizarro@ 123456ecomares.org
                Article
                S0122-97612018000200025
                10.25268/bimc.invemar.2018.47.2.745
                98b619b3-c2d3-4ce3-96d9-8280f717dfaa

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 29 November 2017
                : 25 June 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 46, Pages: 12
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Categories
                Artículos de Investigación

                Orbicella faveolata,Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona,Reproducción sexual,Gametos de coral,Morfología,Sexual reproduction,Coral gametes,Morphology,Tayrona National Natural Park

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