To compare the effect of oral glucocorticoid (GC) therapy with the effect of intravenous anti-TNF-alpha-therapy on serum VEGF levels of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Five RA patients (5/8) who had no prior treatment with DMARDs (Disease modifying antirheumatic drugs) or GCs were administered 20 mg prednisolone daily. Three patients who failed more than one DMARD therapy received infusion with Infliximab (200 mg). VEGF-serum levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay before treatment,and at day 10 or 13 during prednisolone therapy, or 14 days after the first Infliximab infusion. Serum VEGF levels in therapy naive RA patients (GC group) were higher than those in pretreated patients who received Infliximab (median serum VEGF level: 1106 vs 320 pg/ml; P=0.1). Treatment with Infliximab as well as GCs significantly decreased serum VEGF levels after 10-14 days in RA patients (median serum VEGF level after treatment: GC group 559 pg/ml, Infliximab group 92 pg/ml; P=0.01 vs without treatment or preinfusion). Anti-TNF-alpha antibody Infliximab as well as GC are able to decrease serum VEGF levels in patients with active RA. Whether therapeutic reduction of serum VEGF levels is associated with inhibition of angiogenesis should be evaluated in future by imaging of synovial vasculature.