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      Recent trends and important developments in propolis research

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          Abstract

          The newest developments in propolis pharmacological research are summarized. The problem regarding biological studies, caused by the chemical variability of propolis, is discussed. The most important trends and developments in recent propolis research are outlined: biological studies performed with chemically characterized samples, bioassay-guided studies of active principles and comparative biological studies of propolis of different origin and chemical composition. These types of studies are extremely valuable with respect to propolis standardization and practical applications in therapy. They will allow scientists to connect a particular chemical propolis type to a specific type of biological activity and formulate recommendations for practitioners.

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          Antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activity of propolis of different geographic origin.

          A Kujumgiev, I Tsvetkova, Yu Serkedjieva … (1999)
          Propolis samples from different geographic origins were investigated for their antibacterial (against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli), antifungal (against Candida albicans) and antiviral (against Avian influenza virus) activities. All samples were active against the fungal and Gram-positive bacterial test strains, and most showed antiviral activity. The activities of all samples were similar in spite of the differences in their chemical composition. In samples from the temperate zone, flavonoids and esters of phenolic acids are known to be responsible for the above mentioned activities of bee glue; tropical samples did not contain such substances but showed similar activities. Obviously, in different samples, different substance combinations are essential for the biological activity of the bee glue. It seems that propolis has general pharmacological value as a natural mixture and not as a source of new powerful antimicrobial, antifungal and antiviral compounds.
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            Propolis: A Review

            E L Ghisalberti (2015)
            Article 0 comments Cited 176 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Botanical origin and chemical composition of Brazilian propolis.

              Regina Aguiar, Cecília S. Alencar, Christopher Y. Park (2002)
              Brazilian propolis has been classified into 12 groups based on physicochemical characteristics: five in the southern Brazil group (group 3), one in the southeastern Brazil group (group 12), and six in the northeastern Brazil group (group 6). The plant origins of these groups were investigated using reversed-phase high-performance thin-layer chromatography (RPHPTLC), reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RPHPLC), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). It was concluded that the origins of propolis group 3, group 6, and group 12 are resins of the poplar tree, Hyptis divaricata, and Baccharis dracunculifolia, respectively.
              Article 0 comments Cited 137 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Evid Based Complement Alternat Med
                Journal ID (publisher-id): Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
                Title: Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
                Publisher: Oxford University Press
                ISSN (Print): 1741-427X
                ISSN (Electronic): 1741-4288
                Publication date (Print): March 2005
                Volume: 2
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 29-32
                Affiliations
                Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
                Author notes
                For reprints and all correspondence: Vassaya Bankova, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria. Tel: +359-2-9606-149; Fax: +359-2-8700-225; E-mail: bankova@ 123456orgchm.bas.bg
                Article
                DOI: 10.1093/ecam/neh059
                PMC ID: 1062152
                PubMed ID: 15841275
                SO-VID: 98e5e4c8-a7c7-420f-b8f5-e13223e45b49
                Copyright © © The Author (2005). Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.
                License:

                The online version of this article has been published under an open access model. Users are entitled to use, reproduce, disseminate, or display the open access version of this article for non-commercial purposes provided that: the original authorship is properly and fully attributed; the Journal and Oxford University Press are attributed as the original place of publication with the correct citation details given; if an article is subsequently reproduced or disseminated not in its entirety but only in part or as a derivative work this must be clearly indicated. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@ 123456oupjournals.org

                History
                Date received : 30 September 2004
                Date revision received : 08 December 2004
                Date accepted : 24 December 2004
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Complementary & Alternative medicine
                Keywords: propolis,bioactive compounds,plant origin,composition/activity relationship
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Complementary & Alternative medicine
                Keywords: propolis, bioactive compounds, plant origin, composition/activity relationship

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