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      Edema pulmonar en cirugía laparoscópica: Presentación de un caso y revisión sistemática de la literatura Translated title: Pulmonary edema in laparoscopic surgery: Case report and systematic review of the literature

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          Abstract

          La cirugía laparoscópica es una técnica que se ha difundido exponencialmente y a la que se le han reconocido muchas bondades. Sin embargo, también se le ha asociado una serie de complicaciones potencialmente serias y no bien estudiadas. Objetivo: describir la frecuencia reportada en la literatura de edema pulmonar en cirugía laparoscópica y en colecistectomía laparoscópica. Metodología: estudio descriptivo de evidencia (revisión sistemática), utilizando las bases de datos Medline (PubMed, NLM), OVID y CINAHL. Dos revisores independientes evaluaron la pertinencia de los artículos, a partir de los resúmenes, y sobre ellos se hizo una revisión en texto completo del nivel de evidencia y la frecuencia de presentación de las complicaciones y específicamente del edema pulmonar. Se describe la mediana de frecuencia informada en la literatura (%), de la presentación del edema pulmonar en cirugía laparoscópica. Resultados: se encontraron 58 artículos (39 en Medline y 19 en OVID) En CINAHL se encontraron 3 que ya se habían encontrado con las estrategias previas. De estos, 2 fueron estudios observacionales analíticos, 13 observacionales descriptivos diferentes a series de caso y reportes de caso y 25 fueron series de casos o reporte de un caso. No se encontraron en texto completo 6 artículos y 12 fueron revisiones no sistemáticas. La frecuencia de presentación de edema pulmonar en cirugía laparoscópica osciló entre 0 y 16,6% Me=1,4% (IC95% 0,19%-2,3%). En muchos de los casos no hubo claridad sobre la causalidad del edema pulmonar y se asoció con el evento más inmediato, precedente. Conclusión: la mayoría de la evidencia disponible es tipo III y IV. Se requieren de estudios de vigilancia posmercadeo (Fase IV) para este tipo de tecnologías. Mientras tanto es relevante dar a conocer a los pacientes sobre la presentación del edema pulmonar como una potencial complicación de la cirugía laparoscópica.

          Translated abstract

          Laparoscopic surgery is a technique that has been popularized in an exponential manner and to which has been recognized many benefits too. However, it has been related with several and potentially serious complications. Objective: to describe the frequency of pulmonary edema in laparoscopic surgery and in laparoscopic cholecystectomy in published studies. Methodology: descriptive study of evidence (systematic review), using the Medline, OVID and CINAHL databases. Two independent reviewers evaluated the relevance of papers from their abstracts and after, the level of evidence and frequency of the event on the paper in full text. The median of frequency (%) in published papers is showed. Results: 58 articles (39 from Medline and 19 from OVID) were found, from these, three papers had been found previously in CINAHL. Two were analytic observational studies, 13 descriptive observational studies (not case series or case reports) and 25 were case series and case reports. 6 papers were not available in full text and 12 were non-systematic reviews. The frequency of pulmonary edema was found to be between 0% and 16.6% in published papers, Median= 1.4% (CI95% 0.19% -2.3%). There was not a clear evidence of causation of pulmonary edema in the evaluated articles, and it was related with the nearest precedent event. Conclusions: level of evidence of the articles was between III and IV. Post-marketing surveys are required (Phase IV studies) for this kind of technology. Whilst, pulmonary edema should be considered as a potential complication of laparoscopic surgery.

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          Most cited references64

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          Complications in hysteroscopy: prevention, treatment and legal risk.

          Fortunately, gynecologists are enthusiastically embracing diagnostic and operative hysteroscopy as a means to evaluate women with menstrual disorders, infertility, post-menopausal bleeding, recurrent pregnancy loss, and for ultrasound images. In general, operative hysteroscopy is a safe procedure, is easily learned, and has excellent surgical outcomes. As more obstetricians/gynecologists perform hysteroscopy, they must remain cognizant about the salient complications. The recognition of complications and prompt intervention will prevent adverse sequelae as well as minimizing undesirable patient outcomes and reducing legal risks. Hysteroscopy remains a relatively safe procedure. Diagnostic hysteroscopy has the fewest risks, followed by operative hysteroscopic adhesiolysis, metroplasty, and myomectomy. Fluid management is critical for intraoperative safety. Meticulous detail should be paid to fluid management, and consultation sought with a critical care specialist when fluid overload or hyponatremia is suspected. Lingering pain, fever, or pelvic discomfort after surgery requires prompt evaluation. Women becoming pregnant after operative hysteroscopic procedures need careful antepartum and intrapartum care. Special attention to unusual pain complaints during pregnancy or with fetal distress in labor need prompt intervention. The preoperative use of misoprostol or laminara decreases the risk of uterine perforation. Expert preoperative evaluation is essential in determining the surgical skill and expertise needed, surgical time, and the likelihood of completing the operative procedure. Overall, complications in operative hysteroscopy are infrequent and are usually easy to manage. This knowledge should help physicians perform more procedures.
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            Laparoscopic adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma.

            To determine the safety and results of laparoscopic resection of benign pheochromocytomas. We retrospectively reviewed the medical charts of all patients who underwent laparoscopic adrenalectomy for benign pheochromocytomas at all 3 Mayo Clinic sites between January 1, 1992, and December 31, 2001. Demographics, comorbidities, clinical presentation, imaging studies, biochemical findings, operative intervention, and outcome were examined. Long-term follow-up was obtained via chart review and/or by direct telephone contact with the patient or a relative. Twenty-four women and 23 men with a mean age of 53.1 years (range, 16-81 years) underwent attempted laparoscopic resection of pheochromocytomas. In 5 patients, the procedure was converted to open laparotomy because of bleeding (2), inadequate exposure (2), and adhesions (1). The mean tumor size was 4.3 cm. The mean operative time (181.8 vs 1405 minutes; P = .03), mean hospital stay (6.00 vs 2.64 days; P < .001), and mean blood loss (340 mL vs 80 mL; P < .001) were greater in patients who underwent open laparotomy vs those who underwent laparoscopic resection. All specimens were classified as benign. The mean follow-up was 41 months (range, 10-89 months). No patients experienced a recurrence or developed metastatic disease. In light of surgical and anesthesia expertise, laparoscopic resection of benign pheochromocytomas is safe and effective with resultant short hospital stays. A low threshold to convert to an open procedure reduces operative times and decreases potentially serious complications. Although there have been no recurrences to date, long-term follow-up is required for all patients, especially those with hereditary forms of pheochromocytomas.
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              A comparative study of laparoscopic extraperitoneal and transabdominal preperitoneal herniorrhaphy.

              N Khoury (1995)
              Laparoscopic minimally invasive surgical procedures are gaining popularity. Laparoscopic hernia repair is now less controversial and more readily acceptable, with at present numerous technical modifications described in an attempt to define the best procedure. Between November 1992 and February 1995, a nonrandomized trial of laparoscopic inguinal herniorrhaphy was performed on 115 patients with a total of 120 hernias. Of these 58 patients with 60 hernias underwent the transabdominal preperitoneal patch repair (TAPP) without plug and 57 patients with a total of 60 hernias were offered the extraperitoneal (EXTRA) approach using a distension balloon. The average operative time was 55 min for the TAPP and 50 min for the EXTRA procedure. The overall recurrence rate was 1.7% with a follow up of 1-27 months. The recurrence rate was 3.4% for the TAPP and none for the EXTRA approach. All patients returned to their normal activity within 1 week of discharge. Patients undergoing the EXTRA repair consumed less amount of narcotic analgesic than did the group undergoing the TAPP repair. Of the EXTRA group 58% did not require any analgesic, compared to 22% of the TAPP group (p < 05). There were no intraoperative complications. A total of 8 (6.9%) postoperative complications occurred in 115 patients. Four complications (6.9%) occurred in the TAPP procedure: 2 transient urinary retentions, 1 pulmonary edema, and 1 Richter's type hernia. Four (6.9%) complications occurred in the EXTRA procedure: 1 urinary retention, 2 abdominal wall ecchymoses, and 1 thoracic pain. Hospital stay was shorter for the EXTRA group: 57% were discharged the same day and 98% were discharged within 24 h of their operations for the EXTRA group compared to 10 and 84%, respectively, for the TAPP (p < 0.05). Laparoscopic extraperitoneal hernia repair can be accomplished with shorter hospitalization and less analgesic requirement than the TAPP repair. The overall incidence of complications, the recurrence rate, and the return to normal activity were not different between the two types of repair.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rcog
                Revista Colombiana de Obstetricia y Ginecología
                Rev Colomb Obstet Ginecol
                Federación Colombiana de Obstetricia y Ginecología (Bogotá )
                0034-7434
                December 2005
                : 56
                : 4
                : 294-302
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidad Nacional de Colombia Colombia
                [2 ] Universidad Nacional de Colombia Colombia
                [3 ] Clinica Vascular Navarra Spain
                Article
                S0034-74342005000400005
                98e6ed0d-4771-4a0e-b1f2-bfa9a6dff361

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Colombia

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0034-7434&lng=en
                Categories
                OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY

                Obstetrics & Gynecology
                pulmonary edema,review,systematic,cholecystectomy,laparoscopic,edema pulmonar,revisión académica,colecistectomía laparoscópica

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