Highly Robust Transparent and Conductive Gas Diffusion Barriers Based on Tin Oxide

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Abstract

Transparent and electrically conductive gas diffusion barriers are reported. Tin oxide (SnOx ) thin films grown by atomic layer deposition afford extremely low water vapor transmission rates (WVTR) on the order of 10(-6) g (m(2) day)(-1) , six orders of magnitude better than that established with ITO layers. The electrical conductivity of SnOx remains high under damp heat conditions (85 °C/85% relative humidity (RH)), while that of ZnO quickly degrades by more than five orders of magnitude.

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The surface and materials science of tin oxide

M BATZILL, U. Diebold (2005)

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Atomistic origins of high-performance in hybrid halide perovskite solar cells

Jarvist M. Frost, Keith T. Butler, Federico Brivio … (2014)

The performance of organometallic perovskite solar cells has rapidly surpassed that of both conventional dye-sensitised and organic photovoltaics. High power conversion efficiency can be realised in both mesoporous and thin-film device architectures. We address the origin of this success in the context of the materials chemistry and physics of the bulk perovskite as described by electronic structure calculations. In addition to the basic optoelectronic properties essential for an efficient photovoltaic device (spectrally suitable band gap, high optical absorption, low carrier effective masses), the materials are structurally and compositionally flexible. As we show, hybrid perovskites exhibit spontaneous electric polarisation; we also suggest ways in which this can be tuned through judicious choice of the organic cation. The presence of ferroelectric domains will result in internal junctions that may aid separation of photoexcited electron and hole pairs, and reduction of recombination through segregation of charge carriers. The combination of high dielectric constant and low effective mass promotes both Wannier-Mott exciton separation and effective ionisation of donor and acceptor defects. The photoferroic effect could be exploited in nanostructured films to generate a higher open circuit voltage and may contribute to the current-voltage hysteresis observed in perovskite solar cells.