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      A Comparison of Type II Diabetic Patients With Healthy People: Coping Strategies, Hardiness, and Occupational Life Quality

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          Abstract

          Background

          Due to the epidemiologic transition and a rise in the prevalence of non-communicable diseases different coping strategies have been studied and developed. These strategies may help the affected people to conduct a normal life style.

          Objectives

          This research was conducted in Qazvin, Iran to determine the relationship between coping strategies, hardiness, and occupational life quality in Type II diabetic patients and healthy people.

          Patients and Methods

          Questionnaires such as Valton’s on “occupational life quality,” Billings and Moos’ examination of “Coping strategies,” and Kobasa’s investigation of “hardiness” were applied to collect the data needed for the present study. In this regard, 80 people were randomly selected from employees of offices in Qazvin, Iran.

          Results

          The results of this research indicated that there is a significant relationship between problem-focused strategies, emotion-focused strategies, hardiness, and occupational life quality in people suffering from Type II diabetes and healthy people (P ≤ 0.05). These results also indicated that hardiness does not predict occupational life quality of people suffering from Type II diabetes.

          Conclusions

          The results of the present study give some evidence that allows us to conclude that hardiness and coping strategies affect occupational life quality for both people suffering from Type II diabetes and healthy people. Therefore, it is proposed that people strengthen their hardiness and coping strategies, in order to improve their occupational life quality.

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          Most cited references31

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          Depression and poor glycemic control: a meta-analytic review of the literature.

          Depression is common among patients with diabetes, but its relationship to glycemic control has not been systematically reviewed. Our objective was to determine whether depression is associated with poor glycemic control. Medline and PsycINFO databases and published reference lists were used to identify studies that measured the association of depression with glycemic control. Meta-analytic procedures were used to convert the findings to a common metric, calculate effect sizes (ESs), and statistically analyze the collective data. A total of 24 studies satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. Depression was significantly associated with hyperglycemia (Z = 5.4, P < 0.0001). The standardized ES was in the small-to-moderate range (0.17) and was consistent, as the 95% CI was narrow (0.13-0.21). The ES was similar in studies of either type 1 or type 2 diabetes (ES 0.19 vs. 0.16) and larger when standardized interviews and diagnostic criteria rather than self-report questionnaires were used to assess depression (ES 0.28 vs. 0.15). Depression is associated with hyperglycemia in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Additional studies are needed to establish the directional nature of this relationship and to determine the effects of depression treatment on glycemic control and the long-term course of diabetes.
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            The benefits of interventions for work-related stress.

            This quantitative meta-analysis sought to determine the effectiveness of occupational stress-reducing interventions and the populations for which such interventions are most beneficial. Forty-eight experimental studies (n = 3736) were included in the analysis. Four intervention types were distinguished: cognitive-behavioral interventions, relaxation techniques, multimodal programs, and organization-focused interventions. A small but significant overall effect was found. A moderate effect was found for cognitive-behavioral interventions and multimodal interventions, and a small effect was found for relaxation techniques. The effect size for organization-focused interventions was nonsignificant. Effects were most pronounced on the following outcome categories: complaints, psychologic resources and responses, and perceived quality of work life. Stress management interventions are effective. Cognitive-behavioral interventions are more effective than the other intervention types.
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              • Article: not found

              An analysis of coping in a middle-aged community sample.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Int J High Risk Behav Addict
                Int J High Risk Behav Addict
                10.5812/ijhrba
                Kowsar
                International Journal of High Risk Behaviors & Addiction
                Kowsar
                2251-8711
                2251-872X
                12 January 2016
                March 2016
                : 5
                : 1
                : e24169
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Abhar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Abhar, IR Iran
                [2 ]Roudhen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudhen, IR Iran
                [3 ]Health Deputy, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, IR Iran
                [4 ]Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Tehran University, Tehran, IR Iran
                [5 ]Department of Food and Nutrition Policy and Planning Research, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author: Marjan Ajami, Department of Food and Nutrition Policy and Planning Research, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9126719294; +98-2188577364, Fax: +98-2188675760, +98-2188675760, E-mail: nutritionist80@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                10.5812/ijhrba.24169
                4860000
                27162758
                996348b7-cfb1-4e10-9d35-5e04c8a550e7
                Copyright © 2016, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits copy and redistribute the material just in noncommercial usages, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 30 September 2014
                : 10 March 2015
                : 02 April 2015
                Categories
                Research Article

                coping skills,occupational,quality of life,diabetes mellitus

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