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      • Record: found
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      The use of auxiliary devices during irrigation to increase the cleaning ability of a chelating agent

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          Abstract

          Objectives

          This study investigated the cleaning ability of ultrasonically activated irrigation (UAI) and a novel activation system with reciprocating motion (EC, EasyClean, Easy Equipamentos Odontológicos) when used with a relatively new chelating agent (QMix, Dentsply). In addition, the effect of QMix solution when used for a shorter (1 minute) and a longer application time (3 minutes) was investigated.

          Materials and Methods

          Fifty permanent human teeth were prepared with K3 rotary system and 6% sodium hypochlorite. Samples were randomly assigned to five groups ( n = 10) according to the final irrigation protocol: G1, negative control (distilled water); G2, positive control (QMix 1 minute); G3, QMix 1 minute/UAI; G4, QMix 1 minute/EC; G5, QMix 3 minutes. Subsequently the teeth were prepared and three photomicrographs were obtained in each root third of root walls, by scanning electron microscopy. Two blinded and pre-calibrated examiners evaluated the images using a four-category scoring system. Data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests ( p < 0.05).

          Results

          There were differences among groups ( p < 0.05). UAI showed better cleaning ability than EC ( p < 0.05). There were improvements when QMix was used with auxiliary devices in comparison with conventional irrigation ( p < 0.05). Conventional irrigation for 3 minutes presented significantly better results than its use for 1 minute ( p < 0.05).

          Conclusions

          QMix should be used for 1 minute when it is used with UAI, since this final irrigation protocol showed the best performance and also allowed clinical optimization of this procedure.

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          Most cited references15

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          Passive ultrasonic irrigation of the root canal: a review of the literature.

          Michael Ameringen, Mu-Shiang Wu, M Versluis … (2007)
          Ultrasonic irrigation of the root canal can be performed with or without simultaneous ultrasonic instrumentation. When canal shaping is not undertaken the term passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) can be used to describe the technique. In this paper the relevant literature on PUI is reviewed from a MEDLINE database search. Passive ultrasonic irrigation can be performed with a small file or smooth wire (size 10-20) oscillating freely in the root canal to induce powerful acoustic microstreaming. PUI can be an important supplement for cleaning the root canal system and, compared with traditional syringe irrigation, it removes more organic tissue, planktonic bacteria and dentine debris from the root canal. PUI is more efficient in cleaning canals than ultrasonic irrigation with simultaneous ultrasonic instrumentation. PUI can be effective in curved canals and a smooth wire can be as effective as a cutting K-file. The taper and the diameter of the root canal were found to be important parameters in determining the efficacies of dentine debris removal. Irrigation with sodium hypochlorite is more effective than with water and ultrasonic irrigation is more effective than sonic irrigation in the removal of dentine debris from the root canal. The role of cavitation during PUI remains inconclusive. No detailed information is available on the influence of the irrigation time, the volume of the irrigant, the penetration depth of the instrument and the shape and material properties of the instrument. The influence of irrigation frequency and intensity on the streaming pattern as well as the complicated interaction of acoustic streaming with the adherent biofilm needs to be clarified to reveal the underlying physical mechanisms of PUI.
          Article 0 comments Cited 195 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            In vivo efficacy of three different endodontic irrigation systems for irrigant delivery to working length of mesial canals of mandibular molars.

            Hugo Munoz, Karla Camacho-Cuadra (2012)
            Many in vitro studies have debated over the ability of different irrigant delivery and/or agitation systems to reach the apical third of curved root canals; however, little is known about irrigant penetration in vivo. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of the conventional endodontic irrigation needle, passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), and a negative pressure system for irrigant delivery to working length (WL) of mesial canals of mandibular molars. Thirty mesial canals of 30 vital mandibular first or second molars were randomly assigned into 3 groups (n = 10): (1) Monoject syringe with 27-gauge needle; (2) PUI with IrriSafe tip; and (3) EndoVac system. All canals were treated following the same preparation protocol to size 35/0.04 by using 5.25% NaOCl as irrigant during preparation procedure. Before obturation, canals were irrigated with 1 mL of a radiopaque solution by using the assigned irrigation system, and a digital radiograph was taken by using a parallel technique. With the aid of image editing software the distance between WL and maximum irrigant penetration was measured. Mean distances for Monoject, PUI, and EndoVac groups were 1.51 mm, 0.21 mm, and 0.42 mm, respectively. Analysis of variance test showed statistically significant differences between groups (P < .001). Tukey honestly significant difference test showed statistically significant differences between the Monoject group and the other 2 groups (P < .001) but no significant differences between PUI and EndoVac groups (P = .06). PUI and EndoVac are more effective than the conventional endodontic needle in delivering irrigant to WL of root canals. Copyright © 2012 American Association of Endodontists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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              Scanning electron microscopic investigation of the effectiveness of phosphoric acid in smear layer removal when compared with EDTA and citric acid.

              Raif R Simão, Heloisa Gusman, Evelim L. F. D. Gomes … (2011)
              The smear layer adheres to dentinal surface, thus occluding the dentinal tubules. Because this layer disfavors the penetration of irrigant solutions and root canal fillings, it should be removed. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of 37% phosphoric acid with that of 17% EDTA and 10% citric acid in the removal of smear layer. Fifty-two maxillary single-rooted human canines were accessed and instrumented. Between each instrument used, the canals were irrigated with sodium hypochlorite. After instrumentation, the teeth were irrigated with distilled water and then divided into groups according to the time and substances employed. The substances used were 17% EDTA, 10% citric acid, and 37% phosphoric acid solution and gel. The experimental time periods were of 30 seconds, 1 minute, and 3 minutes. The samples were prepared and observed by means of scanning electron microscopy. Three photomicrographs (2,000×) were recorded for each sample regarding the apical, middle, and cervical thirds. A score system was used to evaluate the images. None of the substances analyzed in this study was effective for removing the smear layer at 30 seconds. In the 1-minute period, the phosphoric acid solution showed better results than the other substances evaluated. In the 3-minute period, all the substances worked well in the middle and cervical thirds although phosphoric acid solution showed excellent results even in the apical third. These findings point toward the possibility that phosphoric acid solution could be a promising agent for smear layer removal. Copyright © 2011 American Association of Endodontists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
              Article 0 comments Cited 38 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Restor Dent Endod
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Restor Dent Endod
                Journal ID (publisher-id): RDE
                Title: Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics
                Publisher: The Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry
                ISSN (Print): 2234-7658
                ISSN (Electronic): 2234-7666
                Publication date (Print): May 2017
                Publication date (Electronic): 03 February 2017
                Volume: 42
                Issue: 2
                Pages: 105-110
                Affiliations
                [1 ]PROCLIN Department, School of Dentistry, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
                [2 ]Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
                [3 ]Department of Dental Clinic, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
                Author notes
                Correspondence to Marina Carvalho Prado, DDS, MSc. Private practice and Researcher, PROCLIN Department, School of Dentistry, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Estrada do Campinho 298A, Campo Grande, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil 23070-220. TEL, +55-21-2413-1442; FAX, +55-21-2413-1442; marinaprado@ 123456dentistas.com.br
                Article
                DOI: 10.5395/rde.2017.42.2.105
                PMC ID: 5426214
                PubMed ID: 28503475
                SO-VID: 998a5628-03d0-434d-90b8-ab9c9a43614d
                Copyright © ©Copyrights 2017. The Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 23 September 2016
                Date accepted : 13 December 2016
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article

                Keywords: endodontics,root canal irrigants,root canal therapy,scanning electron microscopy,smear layer,ultrasonics
                Data availability:
                Keywords: endodontics, root canal irrigants, root canal therapy, scanning electron microscopy, smear layer, ultrasonics

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