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      Influencia de hábitos saludables sobre el índice de masa corporal en la población de 12-14 años en un área de Murcia (España) Translated title: The influence of a healthy lifestyle on body mass index in a sample of 12-14 years old individuals in Murcia (Spain)

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          Abstract

          Resumen Fundamento El sobrepeso y la obesidad se relacionan directamente con comorbilidades con graves consecuencias para la salud. El objetivo del estudio fue identificar los principales hábitos de vida modificables que influyen en el desarrollo de la sobrecarga ponderal en adolescentes. Material y método Estudio transversal, realizado en cuatro de los siete centros de educación secundaria del Área V de Murcia. Se recogió información a través de la Encuesta sobre Hábitos Saludables en Adolescentes (ENHASA), cumplimentada por los padres y que engloba cuatro dimensiones compuestas por hábitos de vida modificables: alimentación, actividad física, nuevas tecnologías, y colegio-amigos. Se obtuvieron los datos de somatometría de los adolescentes y se clasificaron según los referentes de índice de masa corporal (IMC) de la OMS. Las diferencias de puntuaciones entre categorías del IMC se analizaron con ANOVA. Resultados El cuestionario fue cumplimentado por los padres de 421 adolescentes con edad media de 12 años; el 21,1% presentaban sobrepeso y el 19,7% obesidad. A medida que aumentaba la categoría de IMC disminuía la puntuación obtenida en la dimensión de actividad física (6,36 en normopeso vs 4,45 en obesidad, p<0,001). Las otras tres dimensiones también mostraron diferencias no significativas de puntuación entre normopeso y obesidad. Conclusiones Un 40,8% de la muestra estudiada presentó exceso de peso, siendo la actividad física la conducta modificable más relacionada con el IMC, lo que orienta a planear estrategias enfocadas especialmente en el sedentarismo que contribuyan a disminuir esta epidemia nutricional.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Background Excess weight and obesity in childhood is directly related to comorbidities that can have serious consequences for health. This study set out to identify the main modifiable lifestyles that influence the development of excess weight and obesity in childhood. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out at seven secondary schools in Area V, Murcia, Spain. Questionnaires completed by parents were used to gather information about healthy habits in adolescents (ENHASA), The surveys consisted of four dimensions made up of modifiable lifestyle factors: nutrition, physical activity, new technologies and schoolmates. The adolescents’ somatometric data was measured and classified according to the WHO categories for body mass index (BMI). ANOVA was used to compare the score differences among the BMI groups. Results The questionnaire was completed by the parents of 421 adolescents with an average age of 12 years. 21.1% presented excess weight and 19.7% obesity. The score obtained by adolescents in the physical activity dimension decreased in the increased BMI group (score in normal weight 6.36 vs. 4.45 in obesity; p<0.001). The other three dimensions showed insignificant differences in scores between normal weight and obesity groups. Conclusion Excess weight was present in 40.8% of the sample. Physical activity was the modifiable lifestyle to be most markedly linked to BMI. This outcome may help in planning specific strategies for sedentary lifestyles to reduce this dietary epidemic.

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          Most cited references29

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          WHO Child Growth Standards based on length/height, weight and age

          To describe the methods used to construct the WHO Child Growth Standards based on length/height, weight and age, and to present resulting growth charts.
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            Predicting adult obesity from childhood obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

            A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to investigate the ability of simple measures of childhood obesity such as body mass index (BMI) to predict future obesity in adolescence and adulthood. Large cohort studies, which measured obesity both in childhood and in later adolescence or adulthood, using any recognized measure of obesity were sought. Study quality was assessed. Studies were pooled using diagnostic meta-analysis methods. Fifteen prospective cohort studies were included in the meta-analysis. BMI was the only measure of obesity reported in any study, with 200,777 participants followed up. Obese children and adolescents were around five times more likely to be obese in adulthood than those who were not obese. Around 55% of obese children go on to be obese in adolescence, around 80% of obese adolescents will still be obese in adulthood and around 70% will be obese over age 30. Therefore, action to reduce and prevent obesity in these adolescents is needed. However, 70% of obese adults were not obese in childhood or adolescence, so targeting obesity reduction solely at obese or overweight children needs to be considered carefully as this may not substantially reduce the overall burden of adult obesity.
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              Self-esteem and quality of life in obese children and adolescents: a systematic review.

              Although an increasing number of children and adolescents are becoming obese, the psychological morbidities associated with obesity are not well established. Existing reviews report modest associations between obesity and global self-esteem. However, none have examined how this affects multi-component assessments of self-esteem and quality of life in young people with defined obesity. A literature search identified 17 self-esteem and 25 quality of life studies of cross-sectional, longitudinal or intervention design published since 1994. Child-completed and parent-proxy assessments were consistent in showing significant reductions in global self-esteem and quality of life in obese youth. Competences particularly affected were physical competence, appearance and social functioning. There were no clear differences in effects between children and adolescents, and evidence on gender and ethnicity was lacking. Competency improvements occurred in the presence and absence of weight loss, suggesting their value as intervention outcomes and the need for further investigation.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                asisna
                Anales del Sistema Sanitario de Navarra
                Anales Sis San Navarra
                Gobierno de Navarra. Departamento de Salud (Pamplona, Navarra, Spain )
                1137-6627
                April 2021
                : 44
                : 1
                : 33-40
                Affiliations
                [2] Cuenca orgnameUniversidad de Castilla-La Mancha orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Sociales Spain
                [1] Yecla Murcia orgnameHospital Virgen del Castillo orgdiv1Servicio de Pediatría España
                Article
                S1137-66272021000100004 S1137-6627(21)04400100004
                10.23938/assn.0883
                33853217
                9997f732-a5a3-4612-ae24-0abdc5c62e28

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 16 July 2020
                : 26 November 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 30, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Artículos Originales

                Childhood obesity,Overweight,Healthy lifestyle,Physical activity,Information technology,Obesidad infantil,Sobrepeso,Hábitos saludables,Tecnología de la información,Actividad física

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