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      Sleep duration and dietary macronutrient consumption can modify the cardiovascular disease for Korean women but not for men

      research-article
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      Lipids in Health and Disease
      BioMed Central
      Cardiovascular disease, Dietary consumption, Framingham risk score, Sleep duration

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          Abstract

          Background

          Although the association between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and sleep duration is generally recognized, the results are inconsistent, and investigations examining the effects of seep duration and diet on CVD are rare.

          Methods

          The gender-difference in the effect of the sleep duration on Framingham risk score (FRS)-related factors, 10‐year predicted CVD risk, and dietary consumption was analyzed in 14,111 subjects (Men n = 5,727; Women n = 8,384) aged ≥20 from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

          Results

          The gender difference in the CVD risk factors according to sleep duration was observed. Only women with short sleep durations (<7 h/day) exhibited elevated FRS factors, such as systolic blood pressures (SBP) ( P < 0.001), diastolic blood pressures (DBP) ( P = 0.008), and the proportion of hypertension (HTN) treatments ( P < 0.001), but not for men. Moreover, the 10-year predicted CVD risk, as evaluated with the FRS, was higher in women with short sleep durations ( P < 0.001). Women with short sleep durations consumed significantly more dietary carbohydrates (CHO) than those with normal sleep durations ( P < 0.001). Additionally, the ORs for intermediate and high 10-year predicted CVD risks and CVD–related factors, such as high age, elevated SBP, and HTN treatment, significantly increased with short sleep durations among women [OR (95 % CI) = 1.709 (1.359–2.149) for CVD risk, 1.976 (1.756–2.224) for high age, 1.535 (1.291–1.826) for elevated SBP, and 1.515 (1.320–1.739) for HTN treatment].

          Conclusions

          Short sleep duration influenced dietary carbohydrate consumption and elevated FRS-related factors as well as 10-year predicted CVD risk. Our findings demonstrated that the CVD risk has been potentially modified by short sleep durations and greater CHO consumptions.

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          Most cited references23

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          Sleep duration predicts cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.

          Aims To assess the relationship between duration of sleep and morbidity and mortality from coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and total cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods and results We performed a systematic search of publications using MEDLINE (1966-2009), EMBASE (from 1980), the Cochrane Library, and manual searches without language restrictions. Studies were included if they were prospective, follow-up >3 years, had duration of sleep at baseline, and incident cases of CHD, stroke, or CVD. Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were pooled using a random-effect model. Overall, 15 studies (24 cohort samples) included 474 684 male and female participants (follow-up 6.9-25 years), and 16 067 events (4169 for CHD, 3478 for stroke, and 8420 for total CVD). Sleep duration was assessed by questionnaire and incident cases through certification and event registers. Short duration of sleep was associated with a greater risk of developing or dying of CHD (RR 1.48, 95% CI 1.22-1.80, P < 0.0001), stroke (1.15, 1.00-1.31, P = 0.047), but not total CVD (1.03, 0.93-1.15, P = 0.52) with no evidence of publication bias (P = 0.95, P = 0.30, and P = 0.46, respectively). Long duration of sleep was also associated with a greater risk of CHD (1.38, 1.15-1.66, P = 0.0005), stroke (1.65, 1.45-1.87, P < 0.0001), and total CVD (1.41, 1.19-1.68, P < 0.0001) with no evidence of publication bias (P = 0.92, P = 0.96, and P = 0.79, respectively). Conclusion Both short and long duration of sleep are predictors, or markers, of cardiovascular outcomes.
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            Quantity and Quality of Sleep and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes

            OBJECTIVE To assess the relationship between habitual sleep disturbances and the incidence of type 2 diabetes and to obtain an estimate of the risk. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a systematic search of publications using MEDLINE (1955–April 2009), EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library and manual searches without language restrictions. We included studies if they were prospective with follow-up >3 years and had an assessment of sleep disturbances at baseline and incidence of type 2 diabetes. We recorded several characteristics for each study. We extracted quantity and quality of sleep, how they were assessed, and incident cases defined with different validated methods. We extracted relative risks (RRs) and 95% CI and pooled them using random-effects models. We performed sensitivity analysis and assessed heterogeneity and publication bias. RESULTS We included 10 studies (13 independent cohort samples; 107,756 male and female participants, follow-up range 4.2–32 years, and 3,586 incident cases of type 2 diabetes). In pooled analyses, quantity and quality of sleep predicted the risk of development of type 2 diabetes. For short duration of sleep (≤5–6 h/night), the RR was 1.28 (95% CI 1.03–1.60, P = 0.024, heterogeneity P = 0.015); for long duration of sleep (>8–9 h/night), the RR was 1.48 (1.13–1.96, P = 0.005); for difficulty in initiating sleep, the RR was 1.57 (1.25–1.97, P < 0.0001); and for difficulty in maintaining sleep, the RR was 1.84 (1.39–2.43, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Quantity and quality of sleep consistently and significantly predict the risk of the development of type 2 diabetes. The mechanisms underlying this relation may differ between short and long sleepers.
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              Short and long sleep are positively associated with obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease among adults in the United States.

              Research associates short (and to a lesser extent long) sleep duration with obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease; and although 7-8 h of sleep seems to confer the least health risk, these findings are often based on non-representative data. We hypothesize that short sleep ( 8 h) are positively associated with the risk of obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease; and analyze 2004-2005 US National Health Interview Survey data (n=56,507 observations, adults 18-85) to test this. We employ multilevel logistic regression, simultaneously controlling for individual characteristics (e.g., ethnoracial group, gender, age, education), other health behaviors (e.g., exercise, smoking), family environment (e.g., income, size, education) and geographic context (e.g., census region). Our model correctly classified at least 76% of adults on each of the outcomes studied, and sleep duration was frequently more strongly associated with these health risks than other covariates. These findings suggest a 7-8 h sleep duration directly and indirectly reduces chronic disease risk. Copyright (c) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                miae_doo@ewha.ac.kr
                +82-2-3277-3101 , yhmoon@ewha.ac.kr
                Journal
                Lipids Health Dis
                Lipids Health Dis
                Lipids in Health and Disease
                BioMed Central (London )
                1476-511X
                27 January 2016
                27 January 2016
                2016
                : 15
                : 17
                Affiliations
                Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 120-750 Republic of Korea
                Article
                170
                10.1186/s12944-015-0170-7
                4729154
                26819201
                99aab0cf-ce62-4fbe-b4a7-ce80a1fa8059
                © Doo and Kim. 2016

                Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

                History
                : 24 September 2015
                : 22 December 2015
                Categories
                Research
                Custom metadata
                © The Author(s) 2016

                Biochemistry
                cardiovascular disease,dietary consumption,framingham risk score,sleep duration
                Biochemistry
                cardiovascular disease, dietary consumption, framingham risk score, sleep duration

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