Design of Switchable Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells Targeting Breast Cancer

Abstract

Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells have demonstrated promising results against hematological malignancies but have encountered significant challenges in translation to solid tumors. To overcome these hurdles, we have developed a switchable CAR-T cell platform in which the activity of the engineered cell is controlled by dosage of an antibody-based switch. Here, we apply this approach to Her2 expressing breast cancers by engineering switch molecules through site-specific incorporation of FITC or grafting of a peptide neo-epitope (PNE) into the anti-Her2 antibody trastuzumab (clone 4D5). We demonstrate that both switch formats can be readily optimized to redirect CAR-T cells (specific for the corresponding FITC or peptide epitope) to Her2 expressing tumor cells and afford dose-titratable activation of CAR-T cells ex vivo and complete clearance of tumor in rodent xenograft models. This strategy may facilitate the application of immunotherapy to solid tumors by affording comparable efficacy with improved safety owing to switch-based control of the CAR-T response.

Graphical abstract