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      A Staghorn Calcium Phosphate Stone in a Child With Sanjad-Sakati Syndrome: An Iatrogenic Manifestation?

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          Abstract

          Sanjad-Sakati syndrome (SSS) is an autosomal recessive genetic condition, with the first report discussing this condition presented in Saudi Arabia. This case report describes an iatrogenic stone as a result of hypocalcemia overtreatment, along with its subsequent management procedure. The current literature concerning the iatrogenic stone occurrence and the operative outcome of percutaneous nephrolithotomy in individuals with SS is scarce, warranting further investigation.

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          Long-term follow-up of patients with hypoparathyroidism.

          Deborah M Mitchell, M Cooley, Jürgen Becker … (2012)
          Despite tremendous interest in hypoparathyroidism, large cohort studies describing typical treatment patterns, laboratory parameters, and rates of complications are lacking. Our objective was to characterize the course of disease in a large cohort of hypoparathyroid patients. We conducted a chart review of patients with permanent hypoparathyroidism identified via a clinical patient data registry. Patients were seen at a Boston tertiary-care hospital system between 1988 and 2009. We identified 120 patients. Diagnosis was confirmed by documented hypocalcemia with a simultaneous low or inappropriately normal PTH level for at least 1 yr. Mean age at the end of the observation period was 52 ± 19 (range 2-87) yr, and the cohort was 73% female. We evaluated serum and urine laboratory results and renal and brain imaging. We calculated time-weighted average serum calcium measurements for all patients. The time-weighted average for calcium was between 7.5 and 9.5 mg/dl for the majority (88%) of patients. Using linear interpolation, we estimated the proportion of time within the target calcium range for each patient with a median of 86% (interquartile range 67-98%). Of those with a 24-h urine collection for calcium (n = 53), 38% had at least one measurement over 300 mg/d. Of those with renal imaging (n = 54), 31% had renal calcifications, and 52% of those with head imaging (n = 31) had basal ganglia calcifications. Rates of chronic kidney disease stage 3 or higher were 2- to 17-fold greater than age-appropriate norms. Hypoparathyroidism and its treatment carry a large burden of disease. Renal abnormalities are particularly common.
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            Well-being, mood and calcium homeostasis in patients with hypoparathyroidism receiving standard treatment with calcium and vitamin D.

            Christian Fremerey, Frank Callies, Peter Schneider … (2002)
            Standard treatment in hypoparathyroidism consists of calcium and vitamin D (or vitamin D analogs) but does not employ replacement of the actual missing hormone. Only few studies have evaluated the efficacy of calcium/vitamin D treatment in hypoparathyroidism; the impact of chronic hypoparathyroid disease on well-being has not been investigated previously. Cross-sectional, controlled study in 25 unselected women with postsurgical hypoparathyroidism since 6.4plus minus8.0 years (s.d.) on stable treatment with calcium and vitamin D (or analogs) and in 25 controls with a history of thyroid surgery but intact parathyroid function, who were matched for sex, age and time since surgery. Assessment of well-being and mood using validated questionnaires (the revised version Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90-R); the Giessen Complaint List (GBB-24); and the von Zerssen Symptom List (B-L Zerssen)), serum and urinary calcium/phosphorus homeostasis, and in the hypoparathyroid patients also screening for secondary disease by kidney ultrasound, ophthalmological split lamp examination, and measurement of bone mineral density. Serum calcium was in the accepted therapeutic range in the majority of hypoparathyroid patients. However, calcium/phosphorus homeostasis as a whole was clearly non-physiological. Nephrolithiasis was detected in 2 and cataracts in 11 of 25 hypoparathyroid patients. As compared with controls, hypoparathyroid patients had significantly higher global complaint scores in GBB-24 (P=0.036), B-L Zerssen (P=0.002) and SCL-90-R (P=0.020) with predominant increases in the subscale scores for anxiety, phobic anxiety and their physical equivalents. Current standard treatment in hypoparathyroidism is not only associated with an altered calcium/phosphorus homeostasis but also fails to restore well-being in these patients. Future studies need to address the impact of more physiological treatment options like parathyroid hormone(1-34) or parathyroid transplantation on well-being and mood in these patients.
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              Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) a critical review.

              Arvind P Ganpule, Mohankumar Vijayakumar, Ankur Malpani … (2016)
              Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is the preferred treatment of choice for renal calculi. PCNL has evolved remarkably since the eighties when it was first described.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Cureus
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Cureus
                Journal ID (issn): 2168-8184
                Title: Cureus
                Publisher: Cureus (Palo Alto (CA) )
                ISSN (Electronic): 2168-8184
                Publication date (Electronic, pub): 10 March 2022
                Publication date (Electronic, collection): March 2022
                Volume: 14
                Issue: 3
                Electronic Location Identifier: e23032
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Urology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, SAU
                [2 ] College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
                [3 ] Urology, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, SAU
                [4 ] Urology, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Buraydah, SAU
                [5 ] College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, SAU
                Author notes
                Mohammad A. Alghafees alghafees687@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                DOI: 10.7759/cureus.23032
                PMC ID: 8994532
                PubMed ID: 35419220
                SO-VID: 99d50ee5-45d0-4445-b730-743df3812e17
                Copyright © Copyright © 2022, Alomar et al.
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                Date accepted : 10 March 2022
                Categories
                Subject: Pediatrics
                Subject: Urology

                Keywords: pediatric rare diseases,iatrogenic stones,saudi arabia,kidney stones,sanjad-sakati syndrome
                Data availability:
                Keywords: pediatric rare diseases, iatrogenic stones, saudi arabia, kidney stones, sanjad-sakati syndrome

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