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      Essential oils for the postharvest control of blue mold and quality of 'Fuji' apples Translated title: Óleos essenciais para o controle pós-colheita do mofo-azul e a qualidade de maçãs 'Fuji'

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          Abstract

          Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of rosemary, cinnamon, citronella grass, and clove essential oils on the in vitro growth of Penicillium expansum, on the diameter of blue mold lesions, and on the physical and chemical attributes of 'Fuji' apples stored under refrigeration for different periods of time. The compositions of the essential oils were determined, and their effects on the growth inhibition, number, and viability of fungal spores in vitro were evaluated at 0, 100, and 1,000 μL L-1 oil concentrations. At postharvest, evaluations were performed for fruit treated with 0, 50, 100, and 500 μL L-1 essential oil and kept under refrigeration for 30 days, and for fruit treated with 0, 100, and 500 μL L-1 oil and kept under refrigeration for two days. The essential oils - eucalyptol (rosemary), eugenol (cinnamon), citronellal (citronella), and eugenol (clove) - reduce the growth, number, and viability of P. expansum spores 24 hours after the induction to germination, as well as the diameter of blue mold lesions in apples, except for citronella oil at 500 μL L-1 after 30 days of cold storage. There are no changes in the physicochemical attributes of apples, treated with different concentrations of the oils after refrigeration for five months, followed by seven days at room temperature.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de óleos essenciais de alecrim, canela, citronela e cravo-da-índia sobre o crescimento de Penicillium expansum in vitro, o diâmetro de lesões de mofo-azul e os atributos físico-químicos em maçã 'Fuji', armazenada sob refrigeração por diferentes períodos. As composições dos óleos essenciais foram determinadas, e seus efeitos sobre a inibição do crescimento, o número e a viabilidade de esporos do fungo in vitro foram avaliados quanto às concentrações de 0, 100 e 1.000 μL L-1. No período pós-colheita, avaliaram-se os frutos tratados com 0, 50, 100 e 500 μL L-1 de óleo essencial e armazenados sob refrigeração por 30 dias e os frutos tratados com 0, 100 e 500 μL L-1 de óleo essencial e mantidos sob refrigeração por dois dias. Os óleos essenciais - eucaliptol (alecrim), eugenol (canela), citronelal (citronela) e eugenol (cravo) - reduzem o crescimento, o número e a viabilidade de esporos de P. expansum 24 horas após o estímulo à germinação, bem como o diâmetro de lesões de mofo-azul em maçãs, à exceção do óleo de citronela a 500 μL L-1, após 30 dias de armazenamento refrigerado. Não há alteração dos atributos físico-químicos de maçãs tratadas com diferentes concentrações dos óleos, após a refrigeração por cinco meses, seguida de sete dias à temperatura ambiente.

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          Most cited references21

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          Potential antimicrobial uses of essential oils in food: is citrus the answer?

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            Anti-fungal activity of Citrus reticulata Blanco essential oil against Penicillium italicum and Penicillium digitatum.

            The chemical composition of Citrus reticulata Blanco essential oil was analysed using GC/MS. Monoterpene hydrocarbons (C10H16) constituted the majority (88.96%, w/w) of the total oil. The oils dose-dependently inhibited Penicillium italicum and Penicillium digitatum. The anti-fungal activity of the oils against P. italicum was attributed to citronellol, octanal, citral, decanal, nonanal, β-pinene, linalool, and γ-terpinene, whereas anti-fungal activity against P. digitatum is attributed to octanal, decanal, nonanal, limonene, citral, γ-terpinene, linalool, and α-terpineol. The oils altered the hyphal morphology of P. italicum and P. digitatum by causing loss of cytoplasm and distortion of the mycelia. The oils significantly altered extracellular conductivity, the release of cell constituents, and the total lipid content of P. italicum and P. digitatum. The results suggest that C. reticulata Blanco essential oils generate cytotoxicity in P. italicum and P. digitatum by disrupting cell membrane integrity and causing the leakage of cell components.
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              Antibacterial activity of Thymus maroccanus and Thymus broussonetii essential oils against nosocomial infection - bacteria and their synergistic potential with antibiotics.

              The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of the association between conventional antibiotics and essential oils (EOs) of endemic Moroccan thyme species, Thymus maroccanus and T. broussonetii, on antibiotic-resistant bacteria involved in nosocomial infections. Synergistic interactions between antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, pristinamycin, and cefixime) and EOs, and between T. maroccanus and T. Broussonetii EOs were determined by the checkerboard test. Serial dilutions of two antimicrobial agents were mixed together so that each row (and column) contained a fixed amount of the first agent and increasing amounts of the second one. The results indicate that the oils had a high inhibitory activity against tested bacteria, except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In parallel with the increase of cellular killing, the release of 260nm-absorbing materials from bacterial cells, treated with EOs, increased in response to oil concentration. Out of 80 combinations tested between EOs and antibiotics, 71% showed total synergism, 20% had partial synergistic interaction and 9% showed no effect. Combination with carvacrol, the major constituent of T. maroccanus and T. broussonetii, showed also an interesting synergistic effect in combination with ciprofloxacin. The effect on Gram-positive bacteria was more important than on Gram-negative bacteria. These findings are very promising since the use of these combinations for nosocomial infections treatment is likely to reduce the minimum effective dose of the antibiotics, thus minimizing their possible toxic side effects and treatment cost. However, further investigations are needed to assess the potential for therapeutic application. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                pab
                Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira
                Pesq. agropec. bras.
                Embrapa Secretaria de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento; Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira (Brasília, DF, Brazil )
                0100-204X
                1678-3921
                May 2018
                : 53
                : 5
                : 547-556
                Affiliations
                [1] Lages Santa Catarina orgnameUniversidade do Estado de Santa Catarina orgdiv1Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias Brazil amanda.drehmer@ 123456udesc.br
                [2] Fortaleza Ceará orgnameEmbrapa Agroindústria Tropical Brazil andreia.hansen@ 123456embrapa.br
                Article
                S0100-204X2018000500547
                10.1590/s0100-204x2018000500003
                99e5e1ed-3429-4a9d-8b02-16dcf292419e

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 28 November 2016
                : 09 August 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 25, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                fruit rot,Rosmarinus officinalis,podridão de fruto,Malus domestica,Penicillium expansum

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