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      Male reproductive health and yoga

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          Abstract

          Now-a-days reproductive health problems along with infertility in male is very often observed. Various Assisted Reproductive Technologies have been introduced to solve the problem, but common people cannot afford the cost of such procedures. Various ayurvedic and other alternative medicines, along with regular yoga practice are proven to be not only effective to enhance the reproductive health in men to produce a successful pregnancy, but also to regulate sexual desire in men who practice celibacy. Yoga is reported to reduce stress and anxiety, improve autonomic functions by triggering neurohormonal mechanisms by the suppression of sympathetic activity, and even, today, several reports suggested regular yoga practice from childhood is beneficial for reproductive health. In this regard the present review is aimed to provide all the necessary information regarding the effectiveness of yoga practice to have a better reproductive health and to prevent infertility.

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          Most cited references73

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          Best practice policies for male infertility.

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            Body mass index in relation to semen quality and reproductive hormones among 1,558 Danish men.

            To examine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and semen quality among young men from the general population. Cross-sectional study. Danish young men were approached when they attended a compulsory physical examination to determine their fitness for military service. From 1996-1998, 1,558 (19%) young men (mean age 19 years) volunteered. Semen volume (in milliliters), sperm concentration (in million per milliliter), percentage of motile spermatozoa, percentage of spermatozoa with normal morphology, total sperm count (in million), and testis size (in milliliters). In addition, serum reproductive hormones were measured. Serum T, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and inhibin B all decreased with increasing BMI, whereas free androgen index and E(2) increased with increasing BMI. Serum FSH was higher among slim men. After control for confounders, men with a BMI 25 kg/m(2) had a reduction in sperm concentration and total sperm count of 21.6% (95% CI 4.0%-39.4%) and 23.9% (95% CI 4.7%-43.2%), respectively, compared to men with BMI between 20-25 kg/m(2). Percentages of normal spermatozoa were reduced, although not significantly, among men with high or low BMI. Semen volume and percentage of motile spermatozoa were not affected by BMI. High or low BMI was associated with reduced semen quality. It remains to be seen whether the increasing occurrence of obesity in the Western world may contribute to an epidemic of poor semen quality registered in some of the same countries. If so, some cases of subfertility may be preventable.
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              Sudarshan Kriya yogic breathing in the treatment of stress, anxiety, and depression: part I-neurophysiologic model.

              Mind-body interventions are beneficial in stress-related mental and physical disorders. Current research is finding associations between emotional disorders and vagal tone as indicated by heart rate variability. A neurophysiologic model of yogic breathing proposes to integrate research on yoga with polyvagal theory, vagal stimulation, hyperventilation, and clinical observations. Yogic breathing is a unique method for balancing the autonomic nervous system and influencing psychologic and stress-related disorders. Many studies demonstrate effects of yogic breathing on brain function and physiologic parameters, but the mechanisms have not been clarified. Sudarshan Kriya yoga (SKY), a sequence of specific breathing techniques (ujjayi, bhastrika, and Sudarshan Kriya) can alleviate anxiety, depression, everyday stress, post-traumatic stress, and stress-related medical illnesses. Mechanisms contributing to a state of calm alertness include increased parasympathetic drive, calming of stress response systems, neuroendocrine release of hormones, and thalamic generators. This model has heuristic value, research implications, and clinical applications.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Int J Yoga
                Int J Yoga
                IJY
                International Journal of Yoga
                Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd (India )
                0973-6131
                2231-2714
                Jul-Dec 2013
                : 6
                : 2
                : 87-95
                Affiliations
                [1]Department of Physiology, Vidyasagar College for Women, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
                [1 ]Sonarpur Mahavidyalaya, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Dr. Pallav Sengupta, Department of Physiology, Vidyasagar College for Women, 39, Sankar Ghosh Lane, University of Calcutta, Kolkata - 700 006, West Bengal, India. E-mail: sunny_pallav_1984@ 123456yahoo.co.in
                Article
                IJY-6-87
                10.4103/0973-6131.113391
                3734644
                23930026
                99eb0b88-78e7-4a8f-bc33-dcf7867b0ed7
                Copyright: © International Journal of Yoga

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Categories
                Review Article

                Complementary & Alternative medicine
                anxiety,cancer,infertility,sperm count,stress,yoga
                Complementary & Alternative medicine
                anxiety, cancer, infertility, sperm count, stress, yoga

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