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      Translated title: Blood lactate concentration as prognostic marker in critically ill children Translated title: Lactato sérico como marcador prognóstico em crianças gravemente doentes

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          Translated abstract

          Objective: To assess the use of lactate as a marker of tissue hypoperfusion and as a prognostic index in critically ill patients. Methods: Prospective, longitudinal, observational study of 75 patients admitted to the pediatric ICU of Hospital de Clínicas of Universidade Federal do Paraná, between November 1998 and May 1999. According to the lactate level on admission, patients were divided into group A (lactate > 18 mg/dl) and group B (lactate < 18 mg/dl). In terms of outcome, patients were classified into survivors and nonsurvivors. In group A, the clinical evaluation and the collection of arterial blood samples were performed on admission, at 6, 12, 24, 48 hours, and every 24 hours after that. In group B, they were carried out in the same way, but interrupted 48 hours after admission. Results: Groups A and B consisted of 50 and 25 patients, respectively. Group A presented more clinical signs of hypoperfusion (24/50). There was a statistically significant difference regarding the mean lactate levels on admission between those patients who died within 24 hours of admission (95 mg/dl) and those who died 24 hours after admission (28 mg/dl). The lactate level at 24 hours of admission revealed better sensitivity (55.6%) and specificity (97.2%) as a predictor of death. Conclusions: Most patients with lactate levels > 18 mg/dl showed clinical signs of hypoperfusion on admission. The normalization or reduction of lactate levels at and after 24 hours of admission was significantly related with higher chances of survival.

          Translated abstract

          Objetivo: Verificar a utilidade do lactato como marcador de hipoperfusão tecidual e como índice prognóstico em crianças criticamente doentes. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo, longitudinal, tipo observacional de 75 pacientes admitidos na UTI pediátrica do Hospital de Clínicas (UFPR) entre novembro de 1998 e maio de 1999. De acordo com o nível de lactato na admissão, os pacientes foram divididos em grupo A (lactato > 18 mg/dl) e grupo B (lactato < 18 mg/dl). Com relação à evolução, em sobrevivente e óbito. No grupo A, a avaliação clínica e a coleta de amostras de sangue arterial foram realizadas na admissão, 6, 12, 24, 48 horas e, posteriormente, a cada 24 horas. No grupo B, foram realizadas nos mesmos horários e interrompidas com 48 horas após admissão. Resultados: No grupo A, foram incluídos 50 pacientes, e no Grupo B, 25. O grupo A apresentou maior freqüência de sinais clínicos de hipoperfusão (24/50). Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa da média de lactato na admissão entre os pacientes que foram a óbito nas primeiras 24 horas de internação (95 mg/dl) quando comparados àqueles que evoluíram a óbito após 24 horas de admissão (28 mg/dl). O nível de lactato na avaliação de 24 horas de UTI foi o que apresentou melhor sensibilidade (55,6%) e especificidade (97,2%) como parâmetro preditor de óbito. Conclusões: A maioria dos pacientes com lactato > 18 mg/dl evidenciou sinais clínicos de hipoperfusão na admissão. A normalização ou diminuição dos níveis de lactato a partir de 24 horas de internação esteve significativamente relacionada com a maior probabilidade de sobrevida.

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          Most cited references45

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          Frequency, risk factors, and outcome of hyperlactatemia after cardiac surgery.

          To determine the respective frequencies, risk factors, and outcomes of no hyperlactatemia (NHL), immediate hyperlactatemia (IHL), or late hyperlactatemia (LHL) > 3 mmol/L after cardiac surgery. Prospective and observational study. Cardiac surgery ICU in a 130-bed private community nonteaching hospital. Consecutive patients (n = 325) undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) for cardiac surgery. None. Arterial blood gas levels and lactate concentrations were measured at ICU admission, 4 h after surgery, between 6 h and 16 h after surgery, and on day 1. Sixty-seven patients (20.6%) had an IHL on ICU admission, and 56 patients (17.2%) acquired LHL during their ICU stay. ICU mortality was 1.5% for NHL, 3.6% for LHL, and 14.9% for IHL groups (p < 0.0001). The three groups differed significantly for elective surgery, type of operation, CPB duration, intraoperative mean arterial pressure, and intraoperative and postoperative use of vasopressor. Independent risk factors for IHL were nonelective surgery, CPB duration, and intraoperative use of vasopressor. Logistic regression identified hyperglycemia and epinephrine therapy for LHL as postoperative risk factors. Receiver operating characteristic curves showed that IHL more accurately predicted ICU mortality than LHL. Hyperlactatemia is common after cardiac surgery. A lactate threshold of 3 mmol/L at ICU admission is able to identify a population at risk of morbidity and mortality after cardiac surgery.
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            Serial lactate determinations during circulatory shock.

            The time course of lactacidemia was studied prospectively in 17 patients during fluid resuscitation for an episode of noncardiogenic shock, in 5 patients after grand mal seizures, and in 5 patients after successful CPR for cardiac arrest. The 9 patients in whom shock was reversed with fluid administration demonstrated a regular decrease in lactate concentrations, which exceeded 5% of the initial value during the first 60 min of treatment. In the other patients who expired despite similar therapy, lactacidemia was not significantly affected. During circulatory shock, repeated lactate determinations represent a more reliable prognostic index than an initial value taken alone. Changes in lactate concentration can provide an early and objective evaluation of the patient's response to therapy.
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              Occult hypoperfusion is associated with increased mortality in hemodynamically stable, high-risk, surgical patients

              Background Our aim was to examine whether serial blood lactate levels could be used as predictors of outcome. Methods We prospectively studied 44 high-risk, hemodynamically stable, surgical patients. Blood lactate values, mean arterial pressure, heart rate and urine output were obtained at patient admission to the study, at 12, 24 and 48 hours. Results The nonsurvivors (n = 7) had similar blood lactate levels initially (3.1 ± 2.3 mmol/l versus 2.2 ± 1.0 mmol/l, P = not significant [NS]), but had higher levels after 12 hours (2.9 ± 1.7 mmol/l versus 1.6 ± 0.9 mmol/l, P = 0.012), after 24 hours (2.1 ± 0.6 mmol/l versus 1.5 ± 0.7 mmol/l, P = NS) and after 48 hours (2.7 ± 1.8 mmol/l versus 1.9 ± 1.4 mmol/l, P = NS) as compared with the survivors (n = 37). Arterial bicarbonate concentrations increased significantly in survivors and were higher than in nonsurvivors after 24 hours (22.9 ± 5.2 mEq/l versus 16.7 ± 3.9 mEq/l, P = 0.01) and after 48 hours (23.1 ± 4.1 mEq/l versus 17.6 ± 7.1 mEq/l, P = NS). The PaO2/FiO2 ratio was higher in survivors initially (334 ± 121 mmHg versus 241 ± 133 mmHg, P = 0.03) and remained elevated for 48 hours. There were no significant differences in mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and arterial blood oxygenation at any time between survivors and nonsurvivors. The intensive care unit stay (40 ± 42 hours versus 142 ± 143 hours, P < 0.001) and the hospital stay (12 ± 11 days versus 24 ± 17 days, P = 0.022) were longer for nonsurvivors than for survivors. The Simplified Acute Physiology Score II score was higher for nonsurvivors than for survivors (34 ± 9 versus 25 ± 14, P = NS). The urine output was slightly lower in the nonsurvivor group (P = NS). The areas under the receiving operating characteristic curves were larger for initial values of Simplified Acute Physiology Score II and blood lactate for predicting death. Conclusion Elevated blood lactate levels are associated with a higher mortality rate and postoperative complications in hemodynamically stable surgical patients.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rbp
                Revista de la Sociedad Boliviana de Pediatría
                Rev. bol. ped.
                Sociedad Boliviana de Pediatría (La Paz, , Bolivia )
                1024-0675
                2007
                : 46
                : 1
                : 66-73
                Affiliations
                [02] Curitiba PR orgnameUniversidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) orgdiv1Departamento de Pediatria
                [01] Curitiba PR orgnameUniversidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) orgdiv1Hospital de Clínicas orgdiv2Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica
                Article
                S1024-06752007000100012
                9a0ff9a2-0aa6-47d5-8400-23c2805ae9c9

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

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                Blood lactate,lactic acidosis,hyperlactatemia,prognostic index,PICU mortality,Lactato,acidose láctica,hiperlactatemia,índices prognósticos,mortalidade em UTI

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