- Record: found
- Abstract: found
- Article: not found
InTRIMsic immunity: Positive and negative regulation of immune signaling by tripartite motif proteins
review-article
Gijs A. Versteeg
a
,
* ,
Stefan Benke
a ,
Adolfo García-Sastre
b
,
c
,
d ,
Ricardo Rajsbaum
b
,
c
,
e
13 August 2014
5′ppp-RNA, 5′-triphosphate RNA,
AIM2, Absent in melanoma 2,
ASC, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD,
CARD, caspase activation and recruitment domain,
CLR, C-type lectin receptor,
DC, dendritic cell,
DDX41, DEAD-box protein 41,
dsRNA, double-stranded RNA,
GART, gene encoding phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase,
IFITM, interferon-induced transmembrane protein,
IFN, interferon,
IFNαR, IFNα receptor,
IKK, IκB kinase,
IL, interleukin,
iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthetase,
IRF, IFN regulatory factor,
ISG, interferon-stimulated gene,
ISG15, IFN-stimulated gene 15,
JAK, Janus kinase,
MAVS, mitochondrial antiviral signaling,
MDA5, melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5,
MEF, mouse embryonic fibroblast,
MHC, major histocompatibility complex,
MΦ, macrophage,
MYD88, myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88,
NEDD8, neural precursor cell expressed developmentally down-regulated 8,
NEMO, NFκB essential modulator,
NFκB, nuclear factor κB,
NK, natural killer cell,
NLR, NOD-like receptor,
NS1, influenza virus non structural 1,
OAS, 3–5 oligo adenylate synthetase,
PAMP, pathogen-associated molecular pattern,
PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell,
PHD, plant homeo domain,
PI3KC2β, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase C2β,
PIN1, prolyl isomerase 1,
PRR, pattern recognition receptor (PRR),
RBCC, RING-BBox-coiled coil (= tripartite motif),
RIG-I, retinoic acid inducible I,
RING, really interesting new gene,
RLR, RIG-I-like receptor,
ROS, reactive oxygen species,
SeV, Sendai virus,
STAT, stimulator and activator of transcription,
STING, stimulator of interferon genes,
SUMO, small ubiquitin-like modifier,
TAB, TGFβ-activated kinase binding protein,
TAK, TGFβ-activated kinase,
TBK1, TANK-binding kinase,
TCR, T cell receptor,
TLR, toll-like receptor,
TNF, tumor necrosis factor,
TRAF, TNF receptor associated factor,
TRIF, TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing IFN,
TRIM, tripartite motif protein,
TUB, TRIM-ubiquitin body,
Ub, ubiquitin,
E3 ligase,
TRIMmunity,
Ubiquitin,
TRIM protein,
Interferon
There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.
Abstract
During the immune response, striking the right balance between positive and negative regulation is critical to effectively mount an anti-microbial defense while preventing detrimental effects from exacerbated immune activation. Intra-cellular immune signaling is tightly regulated by various post-translational modifications, which allow for this dynamic response. One of the post-translational modifiers critical for immune control is ubiquitin, which can be covalently conjugated to lysines in target molecules, thereby altering their functional properties. This is achieved in a process involving E3 ligases which determine ubiquitination target specificity.
One of the most prominent E3 ligase families is that of the tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins, which counts over 70 members in humans. Over the last years, various studies have contributed to the notion that many members of this protein family are important immune regulators. Recent studies into the mechanisms by which some of the TRIMs regulate the innate immune system have uncovered important immune regulatory roles of both covalently attached, as well as unanchored poly-ubiquitin chains. This review highlights TRIM evolution, recent findings in TRIM-mediated immune regulation, and provides an outlook to current research hurdles and future directions.
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Most cited references81
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Author and article information
5′ppp-rna, 5′-triphosphate rna,aim2, absent in melanoma 2,asc, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a card,card, caspase activation and recruitment domain,clr, c-type lectin receptor,dc, dendritic cell,ddx41, dead-box protein 41,dsrna, double-stranded rna,gart, gene encoding phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase,ifitm, interferon-induced transmembrane protein,ifn, interferon,ifnαr, ifnα receptor,ikk, iκb kinase,il, interleukin,inos, inducible nitric oxide synthetase,irf, ifn regulatory factor,isg, interferon-stimulated gene,isg15, ifn-stimulated gene 15,jak, janus kinase,mavs, mitochondrial antiviral signaling,mda5, melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5,mef, mouse embryonic fibroblast,mhc, major histocompatibility complex,mφ, macrophage,myd88, myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88,nedd8, neural precursor cell expressed developmentally down-regulated 8,nemo, nfκb essential modulator,nfκb, nuclear factor κb,nk, natural killer cell,nlr, nod-like receptor,ns1, influenza virus non structural 1,oas, 3–5 oligo adenylate synthetase,pamp, pathogen-associated molecular pattern,pbmc, peripheral blood mononuclear cell,phd, plant homeo domain,pi3kc2β, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase c2β,pin1, prolyl isomerase 1,prr, pattern recognition receptor (prr),rbcc, ring-bbox-coiled coil (= tripartite motif),rig-i, retinoic acid inducible i,ring, really interesting new gene,rlr, rig-i-like receptor,ros, reactive oxygen species,sev, sendai virus,stat, stimulator and activator of transcription,sting, stimulator of interferon genes,sumo, small ubiquitin-like modifier,tab, tgfβ-activated kinase binding protein,tak, tgfβ-activated kinase,tbk1, tank-binding kinase,tcr, t cell receptor,tlr, toll-like receptor,tnf, tumor necrosis factor,traf, tnf receptor associated factor,trif, tir-domain-containing adapter-inducing ifn,trim, tripartite motif protein,tub, trim-ubiquitin body,ub, ubiquitin,e3 ligase,trimmunity,ubiquitin,trim protein,interferon
5′ppp-rna, 5′-triphosphate rna, aim2, absent in melanoma 2, asc, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a card, card, caspase activation and recruitment domain, clr, c-type lectin receptor, dc, dendritic cell, ddx41, dead-box protein 41, dsrna, double-stranded rna, gart, gene encoding phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase, ifitm, interferon-induced transmembrane protein, ifn, interferon, ifnαr, ifnα receptor, ikk, iκb kinase, il, interleukin, inos, inducible nitric oxide synthetase, irf, ifn regulatory factor, isg, interferon-stimulated gene, isg15, ifn-stimulated gene 15, jak, janus kinase, mavs, mitochondrial antiviral signaling, mda5, melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5, mef, mouse embryonic fibroblast, mhc, major histocompatibility complex, mφ, macrophage, myd88, myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88, nedd8, neural precursor cell expressed developmentally down-regulated 8, nemo, nfκb essential modulator, nfκb, nuclear factor κb, nk, natural killer cell, nlr, nod-like receptor, ns1, influenza virus non structural 1, oas, 3–5 oligo adenylate synthetase, pamp, pathogen-associated molecular pattern, pbmc, peripheral blood mononuclear cell, phd, plant homeo domain, pi3kc2β, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase c2β, pin1, prolyl isomerase 1, prr, pattern recognition receptor (prr), rbcc, ring-bbox-coiled coil (= tripartite motif), rig-i, retinoic acid inducible i, ring, really interesting new gene, rlr, rig-i-like receptor, ros, reactive oxygen species, sev, sendai virus, stat, stimulator and activator of transcription, sting, stimulator of interferon genes, sumo, small ubiquitin-like modifier, tab, tgfβ-activated kinase binding protein, tak, tgfβ-activated kinase, tbk1, tank-binding kinase, tcr, t cell receptor, tlr, toll-like receptor, tnf, tumor necrosis factor, traf, tnf receptor associated factor, trif, tir-domain-containing adapter-inducing ifn, trim, tripartite motif protein, tub, trim-ubiquitin body, ub, ubiquitin, e3 ligase, trimmunity, ubiquitin, trim protein, interferon