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      Enhancing parental sensitivity in families with an evidence-based early intervention Translated title: Promoviendo la sensibilidad parental con una intervención temprana basada en la evidencia

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          Abstract

          Abstract Early caregiving experiences set the stage for children’s developmental trajectories. Children who experience early adversity are more likely to show difficulties regulating their behaviors, emotions, and physiology than children who do not experience adversity. Parenting interventions designed to enhance parental sensitivity and responsiveness can buffer children from the detrimental effects of early adverse experiences and ultimately enhance child outcomes. One such intervention is Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up (ABC), an evidence-based home visiting program developed to enhance parental sensitivity and responsive care. In this paper, we review the intervention objectives and effectiveness of ABC. We then describe efforts made to supervise the fidelity and dissemination of ABC, including its implementation in diverse cultural contexts and with Spanish-speaking families in the United States. Lastly, we discuss the potential of ABC as a novel intervention to be implemented within the child welfare system in Spain and Latin America.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Las experiencias tempranas son clave como cimientos de las trayectorias de desarrollo. Sufrir adversidad temprana está relacionado con dificultades en regular el comportamiento, las emociones y la fisiología. Las intervenciones que promueven la sensibilidad parental pueden proteger a los niños de las consecuencias negativas de la adversidad temprana y promover trayectorias de desarrollo positivas. Una de estas intervenciones es Attachment & Biobehavioral Catch-up (ABC), un programa de visitas domiciliarias basado en la evidencia que promueve un cuidado sensible y contingente. En este artículo, revisamos los objetivos de la intervención ABC y su eficacia. Describimos también la supervisión de la fidelidad al programa y su diseminación, incluida la implementación de ABC en diversos contextos y con familias de habla hispana en Estados Unidos. Por último, discutimos el potencial de implementar ABC en España y Latinoamérica como una innovación en el campo de la intervención familiar y la protección a la infancia.

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          Sensitive periods in the development of the brain and behavior.

          Experience exerts a profound influence on the brain and, therefore, on behavior. When the effect of experience on the brain is particularly strong during a limited period in development, this period is referred to as a sensitive period. Such periods allow experience to instruct neural circuits to process or represent information in a way that is adaptive for the individual. When experience provides information that is essential for normal development and alters performance permanently, such sensitive periods are referred to as critical periods. Although sensitive periods are reflected in behavior, they are actually a property of neural circuits. Mechanisms of plasticity at the circuit level are discussed that have been shown to operate during sensitive periods. A hypothesis is proposed that experience during a sensitive period modifies the architecture of a circuit in fundamental ways, causing certain patterns of connectivity to become highly stable and, therefore, energetically preferred. Plasticity that occurs beyond the end of a sensitive period, which is substantial in many circuits, alters connectivity patterns within the architectural constraints established during the sensitive period. Preferences in a circuit that result from experience during sensitive periods are illustrated graphically as changes in a ''stability landscape,'' a metaphor that represents the relative contributions of genetic and experiential influences in shaping the information processing capabilities of a neural circuit. By understanding sensitive periods at the circuit level, as well as understanding the relationship between circuit properties and behavior, we gain a deeper insight into the critical role that experience plays in shaping the development of the brain and behavior.
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            Early Childhood Investments Substantially Boost Adult Health

            Investing in children has been demonstrated to improve their lives, both during the school-age years and afterward, as assessed by outcomes such as employment and income; furthermore, these investments often help those in the most need. Campbell et al. (p. [Related article:] 1478 ) report that these investments can also lead to improved adult health. Results from a randomized and intensive intervention that involved 122 children in four cohorts recruited in the 1970s suggest that full-day child care for the first 5 years of life has produced adults in their 30s with better metabolic and cardiovascular health measures. Large investments in preschool children’s education, health care, and nutrition provide long-term health benefits. High-quality early childhood programs have been shown to have substantial benefits in reducing crime, raising earnings, and promoting education. Much less is known about their benefits for adult health. We report on the long-term health effects of one of the oldest and most heavily cited early childhood interventions with long-term follow-up evaluated by the method of randomization: the Carolina Abecedarian Project (ABC). Using recently collected biomedical data, we find that disadvantaged children randomly assigned to treatment have significantly lower prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in their mid-30s. The evidence is especially strong for males. The mean systolic blood pressure among the control males is 143 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg), whereas it is only 126 mm Hg among the treated. One in four males in the control group is affected by metabolic syndrome, whereas none in the treatment group are affected. To reach these conclusions, we address several statistical challenges. We use exact permutation tests to account for small sample sizes and conduct a parallel bootstrap confidence interval analysis to confirm the permutation analysis. We adjust inference to account for the multiple hypotheses tested and for nonrandom attrition. Our evidence shows the potential of early life interventions for preventing disease and promoting health.
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              Effects of a secure attachment relationship on right brain development, affect regulation, and infant mental health

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                pappsicol
                Papeles del Psicólogo
                Pap. Psicol.
                Consejo General de Colegios Oficiales de Psicólogos (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0214-7823
                1886-1415
                August 2022
                : 43
                : 2
                : 110-116
                Affiliations
                [1] Delaware orgnameUniversity of Delaware United States
                [2] Delaware orgnameUniversity of Delaware United States
                [5] Delaware orgnameUniversity of Delaware United States
                [4] Delaware orgnameUniversity of Delaware United States
                [3] Delaware orgnameUniversity of Delaware United States
                Article
                S0214-78232022000200005 S0214-7823(22)04300200005
                10.23923/pap.psicol.2988
                9a689fda-27b5-41ad-919b-7f61337f500f

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 16 November 2021
                : 15 February 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 64, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Articles

                Apego,Evidence-Based Programs,Child Protection System,Attachment,Parenting,Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-Up,Programas Basados en la Evidencia,Sistema de Protección al Menor,Parentalidad

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