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      The key characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection of humans and of the city of Wuhan that made a pandemic inevitable and unavoidable

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      Journal: BIO Web of Conferences
      Publisher: EDP Sciences

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          Abstract

          The significant worldwide effects of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been apparent since its outbreak. This unprecedentedly widespread virus, SARS-CoV-2, has high infectivity, asymptomatic transmission, and a long-term incubation period. These characteristics have led to the rapid spread of viruses between cities and humans. The cause of the outbreak of the epidemic in Wuhan is also due to the large population, transportation, and the healthcare system lack of public health prevention and intervention in Wuhan. This unavoidable pandemic not only because the virus has robust transmission, but also the city of Wuhan did not control the spread of the virus in the early stage of the epidemic. These factors lead to a huge public health problem worldwide.

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          Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19

          Ben Hu, Hua Guo, Peng Zhou … (2020)
          Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly transmissible and pathogenic coronavirus that emerged in late 2019 and has caused a pandemic of acute respiratory disease, named ‘coronavirus disease 2019’ (COVID-19), which threatens human health and public safety. In this Review, we describe the basic virology of SARS-CoV-2, including genomic characteristics and receptor use, highlighting its key difference from previously known coronaviruses. We summarize current knowledge of clinical, epidemiological and pathological features of COVID-19, as well as recent progress in animal models and antiviral treatment approaches for SARS-CoV-2 infection. We also discuss the potential wildlife hosts and zoonotic origin of this emerging virus in detail.
          Article 0 comments Cited 2140 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Prevalence of Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection

            Daniel P Oran, Eric Topol (2020)
            Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread rapidly throughout the world since the first cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were observed in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. It has been suspected that infected persons who remain asymptomatic play a significant role in the ongoing pandemic, but their relative number and effect have been uncertain. The authors sought to review and synthesize the available evidence on asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. Asymptomatic persons seem to account for approximately 40% to 45% of SARS-CoV-2 infections, and they can transmit the virus to others for an extended period, perhaps longer than 14 days. Asymptomatic infection may be associated with subclinical lung abnormalities, as detected by computed tomography. Because of the high risk for silent spread by asymptomatic persons, it is imperative that testing programs include those without symptoms. To supplement conventional diagnostic testing, which is constrained by capacity, cost, and its one-off nature, innovative tactics for public health surveillance, such as crowdsourcing digital wearable data and monitoring sewage sludge, might be helpful.
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              The experiences of health-care providers during the COVID-19 crisis in China: a qualitative study

              Qian Liu, Dan Luo, Joan Haase … (2020)
              Summary Background In the early stages of the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hubei, China, the local health-care system was overwhelmed. Physicians and nurses who had no infectious disease expertise were recruited to provide care to patients with COVID-19. To our knowledge, no studies on their experiences of combating COVID-19 have been published. We aimed to describe the experiences of these health-care providers in the early stages of the outbreak. Methods We did a qualitative study using an empirical phenomenological approach. Nurses and physicians were recruited from five COVID-19-designated hospitals in Hubei province using purposive and snowball sampling. They participated in semi-structured, in-depth interviews by telephone from Feb 10 to Feb 15, 2020. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using Haase's adaptation of Colaizzi's phenomenological method. Findings We recruited nine nurses and four physicians. Three theme categories emerged from data analysis. The first was “being fully responsible for patients' wellbeing—‘this is my duty’”. Health-care providers volunteered and tried their best to provide care for patients. Nurses had a crucial role in providing intensive care and assisting with activities of daily living. The second category was “challenges of working on COVID-19 wards”. Health-care providers were challenged by working in a totally new context, exhaustion due to heavy workloads and protective gear, the fear of becoming infected and infecting others, feeling powerless to handle patients' conditions, and managing relationships in this stressful situation. The third category was “resilience amid challenges”. Health-care providers identified many sources of social support and used self-management strategies to cope with the situation. They also achieved transcendence from this unique experience. Interpretation The intensive work drained health-care providers physically and emotionally. Health-care providers showed their resilience and the spirit of professional dedication to overcome difficulties. Comprehensive support should be provided to safeguard the wellbeing of health-care providers. Regular and intensive training for all health-care providers is necessary to promote preparedness and efficacy in crisis management. Funding National Key R&D Program of China, Project of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education in China.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Title: BIO Web of Conferences
                Abbreviated Title: BIO Web Conf.
                Publisher: EDP Sciences
                ISSN (Electronic): 2117-4458
                Publication date Created: 2023
                Publication date (Electronic): June 21 2023
                Publication date (Print): 2023
                Volume: 61
                Page: 01028
                Article
                DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20236101028
                SO-VID: 9a6a5e2f-599f-48cb-88f1-89e92054dea9
                Copyright © © 2023
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                https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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